Submaximal Exercise–Based Equations to Predict Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Date
2016
Authors
Smith, A.E.
Evans, H.
Parfitt, G.
Eston, R.
Ferrar, K.
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Journal article
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Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2016; 97(6):1003-1012
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<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate and discuss the accuracy of submaximal exercise-based equations to predict maximum oxygen uptake (V˙o2max), validated using direct gas analysis, in older apparently healthy adults.<h4>Data sources</h4>Studies were identified by searching 5 electronic databases and manually scanning reference lists of included articles from the respective inception of each database through April 2015.<h4>Study selection</h4>Studies were included if they used at least 1 submaximal exercise-based variable in the prediction, the actual V˙o2max was directly measured using a gas analysis device, and if participants were apparently healthy older adults (mean age ≥65y). Eligible studies were required to report at least 1 validity statistic (eg, Pearson product-moment correlation [r]) and either a predicted and measured V˙o2max value or a directional significant difference between the measured and predicted V˙o2max values. No limits were placed on year of publication, but only full-text, published articles in the English language were included.<h4>Data extraction</h4>Nine articles and 13 equations were retained from the systematic search strategy. If the same prediction equation was used across multiple trials, data from the most accurate trial were reported.<h4>Data synthesis</h4>Submaximal equations predicted directly measured V˙o2max with a moderate to strong correlation strength (r range, 0.4-0.9). Predicted V˙o2max significantly differed from directly measured in 2 of the 13 equations. The preferred mode of ergometry was walking or running (7 equations); a stepping protocol was the most accurate (R(2)=0.9, not significant between predicted and measured V˙o2max).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Factors to consider when choosing a submaximal exercise-based equation are the accuracy of the equation, the population tested, the mode of ergometry, the equipment availability, and the time needed to conduct familiarization sessions.
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Copyright 2016 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine