Consumption of saturated fat impairs the anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoproteins and endothelial function

Date

2006

Authors

Nicholls, S.
Lundman, P.
Harmer, J.
Cutri, B.
Griffiths, K.
Rye, K.
Barter, P.
Celermajer, D.

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Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006; 48(4):715-720

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Stephen J. Nicholls, Pia Lundman, Jason A. Harmer, Belinda Cutri, Kaye A. Griffiths, Kerry-Anne Rye, Philip J. Barter, David S. Celermajer

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Abstract

<h4>Objectives</h4>The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary fatty acids on the anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and vascular function.<h4>Background</h4>The effect of dietary fatty acids on atherogenesis remains uncertain.<h4>Methods</h4>Fourteen adults consumed an isocaloric meal containing either a polyunsaturated or a saturated fat on 2 occasions. The effects of post-prandial HDL on endothelial cell expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and microvascular reactivity were assessed before and 3 and 6 h after the meal.<h4>Results</h4>Plasma triglycerides, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids rose after the meals. The HDL collected 6 h after the saturated meal were less effective than HDL isolated from fasting plasma in terms of their ability to inhibit expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, whereas HDL collected 6 h after the polyunsaturated meal had an inhibitory activity that was greater than that of HDL collected from fasting plasma (p < 0.004 and p = 0.01 for comparison of effect of meals on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively). Post-hyperemic microvascular flow significantly increased at 3 h after the polyunsaturated meal by 45 +/- 14% and by 21 +/- 11% after the saturated meal. The FMD decreased 3 h after the saturated meal by 2.2 +/- 0.9% (p< 0.05 compared with baseline) and by 0.9 +/- 1% after the polyunsaturated meal.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Consumption of a saturated fat reduces the anti-inflammatory potential of HDL and impairs arterial endothelial function. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory activity of HDL improves after consumption of polyunsaturated fat. These findings highlight novel mechanisms by which different dietary fatty acids may influence key atherogenic processes.

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© 2006 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation

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