Adelaide Microscopy publications
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Browsing Adelaide Microscopy publications by Author "Basak, A."
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Item Metadata only Coefficient of friction measured from nano- to macro-normal loads on plasma sprayed nanostructured cermet coatings(ASM International, 2014) Basak, A.; Celis, J.; Vardavoulias, M.; Matteazzi, P.Alumina dispersed FeCuAl-based nanostructured cermet coatings were deposited from nanostructured powders by atmospheric plasma spraying on low carbon steel substrates. Nanostructuring was retained in the deposited coatings which exhibit up to four distinctive phases as revealed by electron microscopy. In this study, the friction behavior of the distinctive phases at nano-normal load scale was investigated alongside their contribution to the overall friction behavior at macro-normal load scale. Friction behavior at nano-normal load scale was investigated by lateral force microscopy, whereas conventional tribometers were used for investigations at micro and macro-normal loads. It appeared that, the friction measured at nano-normal loads on individual phases is dictated by both composition and hardness of the corresponding phases, and thus influences the overall friction behavior of the coatings at macro-normal loads. Moreover, the coefficient of friction at macro-normal loads differs from the one at nano-normal loads, and deviates from Amonton’s friction law.Item Metadata only Contribution of machining to the fatigue behaviour of metal matrix composites (MMCs) of varying reinforcement size(Elsevier, 2017) Pramanik, A.; Islam, M.; Davies, I.; Boswell, B.; Dong, Y.; Basak, A.; Uddin, M.; Dixit, A.; Chattopadhyaya, S.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only Deformation of electrodeposited gradient Co/Sn multilayered coatings under micro-pillar compression(Elsevier, 2018) Kurdi, A.; Basak, A.Compositionally modulated multilayer (CMM) Co-Sn coating were successfully deposited with the help of electrodeposition on copper substrate. The coating microstructure was homogeneous, nanostructured in nature with smooth and distinct interfaces as confirmed by SEM and TEM investigation. In this study, micro-mechanical properties of such CMM Co-Sn coatings has been investigated by means of micro-pillar compression. Micro-mechanical properties of electrodeposited monolithic sole Co and sole Sn coatings was also investigated for comparison purpose. CMM Co-Sn coating shows high flow strength of about 330 MPa, which is about 1.2 and 5 times higher than that of sole Co and sole Sn coating, respectively. Such enhanced mechanical properties are the result of intermixing of several thin Co-Sn layers to form a single broad layer to accommodate deformation of material and to minimize system’s energy as evident by detail transmission electron microscopy investigation on deformed micro-pillars.Item Metadata only Developments of rubber material wear in conveyer belt system(Elsevier, 2017) Hakami, F.; Pramanik, A.; Ridgway, N.; Basak, A.Regular degradation of rubbers contribute frequent maintenance of conveyer belt system. This paper investigates wear rate and mechanisms of rubber and associated influential parameters based on the information available in literature. Abrasion, fatigue and roll formation are dominate wear mechanisms that are influenced by load, sliding velocity, hardness and friction. Correlations among influential parameters and their effect on rubber wear was established in details. Archad's equation does not work for rubber wear but researchers have proposed equations similar to that. Adhesion wear forms roll in the smooth surface when tear strength of rubber is low. Wear caused by adhesion is abrasion when surface texture is harsh. Hysteresis enhances fatigue wear if the substrate asperities are round or blunt.Item Metadata only Effect of nanostructuring and Al alloying on friction and wear behaviour of thermal sprayed WC-Co coatings(Elsevier, 2012) Basak, A.; Celis, J.; Vardavoulias, M.; Matteazzi, P.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only Electrical discharge machining of 6061 aluminium alloy(Elsevier, 2015) Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.; Islam, M.; Littlefair, G.The wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) of 6061 aluminium alloy in terms of material removal rate, kerf/slit width, surface finish and wear of electrode wire for different pulse on time and wire tension was studied. Eight experiments were carried out in a wire EDM machine by varying pulse on time and wire tension. It is found that the material removal rate increases with the increase of pulse on time though the wire tension does not affect the material removal rate. It seems that the higher wire tension facilitates steady machining process, which generates low wear in wire electrode and better surface finish. The surface roughness does not change notably with the variation of pulse on time. The appearance of the machined surfaces is very similar under all the machining conditions. The machined surface contains solidified molten material, splash of materials and blisters. The increase of the pulse on time increases the wear of wire electrode due to the increase of heat input. The wear of wire electrode generates tapered slot which has higher kerf width at top side than that at bottom side. The higher electrode wear introduces higher taper.Item Metadata only Fracture and fatigue life of Al-based MMCs machined at different conditions(Elsevier, 2018) Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.This study investigates fracture and fatigue performance of metal matric composites (MMCs) without any reinforcement and, 0.7 and 13 μm particle (10 vol%) reinforced which were machined at different feeds and speeds. Fractured surface as well as fatigue generated cracks were investigated in details. The effect of interactions among input machining parameters with their variations on fatigue life has also been analysed. It was found that fatigue cracks don’t follow machining traces. Moreover, the cracks are almost straight and sharp when reinforcing particles are smaller but change the course, and surface along the crake is highly damaged when the reinforced particles are bigger. The appearance of fractured surfaces of the samples are very similar regardless of particles size and machining conditions. Though compressive residual stress is generated on the machined MMC surfaces, fatigue life of MMCs are much shorter than that of corresponding matrix material due to the fracture and detachment of reinforcing particles from matrix. Fatigue life has an initial decreasing trend with the rise of feed-rate and then it increases significantly with further increase of feed-rate in the absence of particles machine at low speed. However, fatigue life remains almost constant with the increase of feed-rate for larger particle reinforced MMC machined at high speed. With the increase of speed, opposite trends on fatigue life were noticed for MMCs and matrix material when machined at low and high feeds, respectively. The larger reinforced particles reduces the fatigue life of machined specimens at every interacting combinations of parameters.Item Metadata only Influence of the microstructural and mechanical properties of reinforced graphene in magnesium matrix fabricated by friction stir processing(Springer, 2020) Alam, N.; Iqbal, M.M.; Prakash, C.; Singh, S.; Basak, A.; International Conference on Functional Materials, Manufacturing and Performances (ICFMMP) (12 Sep 2019 - 13 Sep 2019 : Jalandhar City, India)The aim of the present researchwork is to find out the influence of uniform dispersion of different volume percentages of graphene nanoparticles into magnesium matrix, fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP). These composites can be used in various applications, particularly in electrical, automobile and aerospace industries due to its lightweight and good electrical and mechanical properties. The friction processed surface of pure magnesium and composites were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties such as tensile test of the friction stir processed (FSPed) composites were performed in universal testing machine and the specimen was prepared according to standard dimension by wire EDM. The initial properties of the material were compared to the FSPed pure magnesium matrix composites. The role of various volume percentages of reinforcement by FSP resulted in grain refinements as well as improved the mechanical properties of the FSPed composite.Item Metadata only Joining of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites and aluminium alloys - a review(Elsevier, 2017) Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.; Dong, Y.; Sarker, P.; Uddin, M.; Littlefair, G.; Dixit, A.; Chattopadhyaya, S.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only Machining and tool wear mechanisms during machining titanium alloys(Trans Tech Publications, 2013) Pramanik, A.; Islam, M.; Basak, A.; Littlefair, G.This paper investigates the machining mechanism of titanium alloys and analyses those understandings systematically to give a solid understanding with latest developments on machining of titanium alloys. The chip formation mechanism and wear of different cutting tools have been analyzed thoroughly based on the available literature. It is found that the deformation mechanism during machining of titanium alloys is complex and it takes place through several processes. Abrasion, attrition, diffusion–dissolution, thermal crack and plastic deformation are main tool wear mechanisms.Item Open Access Milling of nanoparticles reinforced Al-based metal matrix composites(MDPI, 2018) Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.; Dong, Y.; Shankar, S.; Littlefair, G.This study investigated the face milling of nanoparticles reinforced Al-based metal matrix composites (nano-MMCs) using a single insert milling tool. The effects of feed and speed on machined surfaces in terms of surface roughness, surface profile, surface appearance, chip surface, chip ratio, machining forces, and force signals were analyzed. It was found that surface roughness of machined surfaces increased with the increase of feed up to the speed of 60 mm/min. However, at the higher speed (100–140 mm/min), the variation of surface roughness was minor with the increase of feed. The machined surfaces contained the marks of cutting tools, lobes of material flow in layers, pits and craters. The chip ratio increased with the increase of feed at all speeds. The top chip surfaces were full of wrinkles in all cases, though the bottom surfaces carried the evidence of friction, adhesion, and deformed material layers. The effect of feed on machining forces was evident at all speeds. The machining speed was found not to affect machining forces noticeably at a lower feed, but those decreased with the increase of speed for the high feed scenario.Item Metadata only Nanostructured gradient Co-Sn electrodeposits as alternative to Sn connector contacts(Elsevier, 2015) Georgiou, E.; Buijnsters, J.; Wang, H.; Drees, D.; Basak, A.; Celis, J.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only Off-line feed rate scheduling based on a mechanistic cutting force on discrete segments during end milling(Trans Tech Publications, 2013) Islam, M.; Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.; Kim, Y.H.; Yarlagadda, P.This paper describes the development of an off-line feed rate scheduling technique based on a mechanistic cutting force model. The proposed technique was developed for an end milling operation. The surface area of the workpiece was divided into a number of segments, and the resultant cutting force at each discrete segment was determined using One Path Analysis software. The calculated resultant cutting force was applied to the feed rate scheduling. Experimental results clearly showed that the implementation of feed rate scheduling reduces machining time considerably and that as the number of segments increases, the effectiveness of the feed rate scheduling increases.Item Metadata only Quantitative prediction of phase transformations in silicon during nanoindentation(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Zhang, L.; Basak, A.This paper establishes the first quantitative relationship between the phases transformed in silicon and the shape characteristics of nanoindentation curves. Based on an integrated analysis using TEM and unit cell properties of phases, the volumes of the phases emerged in a nanoindentation are formulated as a function of pop-out size and depth of nanoindentation impression. This simple formula enables a fast, accurate and quantitative prediction of the phases in a nanoindentation cycle, which has been impossible before.Item Metadata only Study of effective parameters on wear behavior of rubbers based on statistical methods(Wiley, 2019) Hakami, F.; Pramanik, A.; Islam, N.; Basak, A.; Ridgway, N.This study investigates the wear, surface roughness, and temperature buildup (TBU) of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber (NR), and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) while sliding over abrasives of different sizes with the variation of normal load. Rubber properties such as tensile strength (s) and elongation at break (e) were considered as input parameters. Individual, as well as interacting effects of different parameters, were analyzed in‐depth by using statistical methods. Overall wear of rubber depends not only on the tribological system but also on mechanical properties that contribute different wear mechanisms in addition to abrasion. The abrasive particle size and 1/(se) are the first and second most significant contributing factors, respectively, to all output parameters except the wear rate where the second contributing factor is the applied load and abrasive size is the highest contributor. Larger abrasive particles deepen ploughing marks, which is enhanced by the higher load, and lead to higher surface roughness. The effect of load on TBU is negligible because of the soft nature of the rubber material.Item Metadata only Weldability of duplex stainless steel(Taylor and Francis, 2015) Pramanik, A.; Littlefair, G.; Basak, A.Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) have many advantages due to the unique structural combination of ferrite and austenite grains. The structural change of these materials is very complex during welding, and it deteriorates the functional properties. This research investigates different welding processes such as laser beam, resistance, tungsten inert gas, friction stir, submerged arc, and plasma arc weldings considering the research available in the literature. The welding mechanism, change of material structure, and control parameters have been analyzed for every welding process. This analysis clearly shows that DSS melts in all most all welding processes, but the thermal cycle and maximum heat input are different. This difference affects the resulting structure and functional properties of the weld significantly.