Adelaide Microscopy publications
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Browsing Adelaide Microscopy publications by Author "Basak, A.K."
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Item Open Access Application of coolants during tool-based machining – A review(Elsevier BV, 2023) Zheng Yang, K.; Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.K.; Dong, Y.; Prakash, C.; Shankar, S.; Dixit, S.; Kumar, K.; Ivanovich Vatin, N.Coolant is a substance that applied in a machining process for the efficient machining of materials. The application of coolants is based on the several factors including the types of machining process, workpiece material, cutting tool and cost. Coolant helps to dissipate the heat that can be generated during the machining operation, induce lubricating effects to decrease the friction caused by the interfaces of two surfaces, flush away chips and offer corrosion protection. With the right type of coolants used, the performance of machining applications and the attributes of workpieces can be remarkably enhanced. The objective of the study to provides a critical review on the mechanism of coolant penetration, functions, variety of coolants, cooling actions, effectiveness, applications, and the additives that alter the ability and properties of coolants. Furthermore, the critical review also addresses the new technology cryogenic machining that uses cryogenic gases as coolants instead of conventional coolants.Item Metadata only Investigations on the tribological behaviour, toxicity, and biodegradability of kapok oil bio-lubricant blended with (SAE20W40) mineral oil(Springer-Verlag, 2023) Shankar, S.; Manikandan, M.; Karupannasamy, D.K.; Jagadeesh, C.; Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.K.Vegetable oil becomes a viable alternative to mineral or synthetic oils due to its biodegradable nature. In this work, one such vegetable-based non-edible oil (kapok oil) is blended with a mineral-based oil (SAE20W40) at 15 and 30% ratio (by volume), and its changes in thermal, tribological, and corrosive properties were evaluated. Four-ball tribometer is utilized to assess its dynamic friction coefficient and the wear scar diameter of the worn out area on the ball. Biodegradability and toxicity test of kapok oil were examined and compared with the palm and mineral oil through bacterial growth and brine shrimp assay methods, respectively. The results showed that the dynamic friction coefficient and specific wear rate of the blended oil were lesser than the mineral oil. The mineral oil produced a higher roughness average (Ra) value than that of the blended oil. Kapok oil shows an adequate tribological properties (anti-friction and anti-wear) in contrast to the other vegetable oils. Overall, kapok oil had a high biodegradability nature and lower toxicity than the mineral oil.Item Metadata only Optimization of accuracy and surface finish of drilled holes in 350 mild steel(Springer, 2020) Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.K.; Islam, M.N.; Dong, Y.; Debnath, S.; Vora, J.J.; Gupta, K.; Gupta, M.K.This chapter presents analysis and optimization of machinability of Mild steel grade 350 while high speed drilling operation. Taguchi design of experiments (DoEs), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other traditional methods were applied to optimize the input variables in order to minimise the circularity, cylindricity, diameter error and surface roughness of drilled holes. It was found that point angle was the highest contributor for the circularity, cylindricity and surface roughness of drilled holes. The circularity error was minimum at the low speed (584 rpm), low feed (0.15 mm/rev) and moderate point angle (125°). The cylindricity error of holes was minimised at the high speed (849 rpm), moderate feed (0.2 mm/rev) and moderate point angle (125°). The moderate speed, low feed and moderate point angle minimised surface roughness considerably. The interaction between speed and point angle had the maximum contribution to the diameter error of drilled holes. The diameter error was minimum at the moderate speed, low feed and moderate point angle.Item Metadata only Optimizing dimensional accuracy of titanium alloy features produced by wire electrical discharge machining(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Pramanik, A.; Islam, M.N.; Basak, A.K.; Dong, Y.; Littlefair, G.; Prakash, C.This study investigates geometrical errors such as cylindricity, circularity and diametral errors of a feature (a hole) produced from wire electrical discharge machining of Ti6Al4V alloy where tension in wire, pulse on time, and flushing pressure are varied. Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA), Taguchi design of experiment (DoE), and traditional analysis estimate the influence of variables on errors of holes. It was noted that flushing pressure is the most significant factor with individual contributions of 31.02%, 49.5% and 37.84% to circularity, cylindricity, and diametral errors, respectively. The circularity error of holes decreases as the flushing pressure and tension in wire rise, but decreases with the rise of pulse on time. The cylindricity error decreased with the increase of wire tension, flushing pressure and pulse on time. The absolute diametral error reduced as the pulse on time and tension in wire raised, but it raised with the rise of pulse on time. All these trends are associated with the influence of tension in wire on the flexibility of wire, the dependence of heat generation and dissipation on pulse on time, and ability of the flushing pressure to control the cooling, as well as debris removal from the machining zone.Item Metadata only Stress in the interfaces of metal matrix composites (MMCs) in thermal and tensile loading(Woodhead Publishing, 2020) Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.K.; Littlefair, G.; Dixitd, A.R.; Chattopadhyayad, S.; Goh, K.; Aswathi, M.K.; De Silva, R.T.; Thomas, S.The influence of contents, sizes and shapes of reinforcements on the matrix-particle interfaces in terms of (a) von-Mises stress, (b) directions as well as spreading of principal stresses during cooling and under tension were analysed in this investigation through numerical simulation for SiC particle reinforced Al6061 matrix MMCs. The result shows that the rapid variation of von-Mises stress in the interfaces depends on the shape of reinforced particles. The interfaces in MMCs with triangular reinforcements experienced the slimiest stress variation. Nevertheless, the uppermost stress was intensified in the corners of the triangle shaped reinforcements. The shape of the reinforcements affects the stress vectors directions. The range of the von-Mises stress rises through the rise of particle amount and decrease of particles size at a constant number of particles. For nearly all the cases, excluding the MMCs with triangle reinforcements, when the stress rises, with the rise of the applied positive elongation, the stress scatterings are unaffected.Item Metadata only Tribology of Elastomers(Springer, 2022) Hakami, F.; Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.K.This book highlights the tribological behavior of elastomers by investigating the effect of operating variables such as, the applied load and the abrasive particle size, and the materials’ mechanical properties such as, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and tear strength by the experimental, statistical and analytical methods. It is found that the wear mechanism is mostly friction wear, which is mixed with fatigue wear and abrading under higher applied loads or larger abrasives. The statistical method shows that the abrasive particle size has the highest contribution followed by the applied load on the wear process. Wear equation is developed to predict the wear rate considering the trends of the input variables.Item Metadata only Use of palm olein as cutting fluid during turning of mild steel(Informa UK Limited, 2023) Debnath, S.; Anwar, M.; Basak, A.K.; Pramanik, A.This research evaluated surface roughness and cutting forces using an alternative vegetable oil, namely, ‘super palm olein’, as cutting fluid on turning of mild steel. The outcomes of the proposed alternative cutting fluid were compared with that of conventional mineral-based cutting fluid (coolant machining) and dry machining. Taguchi orthogonal array was employed to set design of experiments and results were analysed based on signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to rationalise multi-parameter experiments, namely, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. It was found that depth of cut influences most significantly on surface roughness, that is, 49.02% for dry machining, 73.35% for coolant machining and 53.86% for super olein machining. On the other hand, the highest contributor to cutting force performance was cutting speed with 51.44% for dry machining, 87.28% for coolant machining and 75.46% for super olein machining. The experimental outcome shows that surface roughness under super olein machining tends to improve as the depth of cut and cutting speeds increase and surpasses that of conventional coolant machining and dry machining. Additionally, regression equations were proposed, based on experimental results, to predict surface roughness and cutting force for given parameters.Item Metadata only Wear of rubbers and its control in conveyer belt system(Springer, 2020) Masrangi, D.T.; Salim, H.; Hakami, F.; Pramanik, A.; Basak, A.K.; Gupta, K.Rubbers are polymer materials characterized by the ability of reversible deformation under influence of external deformation forces, described as a material with elastic properties. Rubbers include natural rubber, naturally occurring substance and synthetic rubber, artificially derived from petrochemical product. Products made from rubber have flexible and stable 3-dimensional chemical structure and the ability to stretch repeatedly of about twice the original length and return to original length. These materials are enormously used in conveyer belt system. Today, rubber materials are altered with approximately 60% synthetic polymers to achieve desired properties of final product. This chapter investigates the wear of different types of rubbers against ceramic liners which is the most realistic case in mining industries, where conveyor belts are used for ore transportation pulleys in conveyer belt system are coated with sacrificial liners of ceramics and rubbers to prolong the life of the conveyor system. However, such pulley liners are exposed to wear and even chemical reactions particularly in mining industries that are involved in transporting ores. The investigation will provide information on surface in terms of wear mechanism of rubber against ceramics, wear rate and appearance of wear surfaces.