Australian Population and Migration Research Centre publications
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Browsing Australian Population and Migration Research Centre publications by Author "Adams, R."
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Item Open Access Associations between resident perceptions of the local residential environment and metabolic syndrome(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012) Baldock, K.; Paquet, C.; Howard, N.; Coffee, N.; Hugo, G.; Taylor, A.; Adams, R.; Daniel, M.A substantial body of research has arisen concerning the relationships between objective residential area features, particularly area-level socioeconomic status and cardiometabolic outcomes. Little research has explored residents’ perceptions of such features and how these might relate to cardiometabolic outcomes. Perceptions of environments are influenced by individual and societal factors, and may not correspond to objective reality. Understanding relations between environmental perceptions and health is important for the development of environment interventions. This study evaluated associations between perceptions of local built and social environmental attributes and metabolic syndrome, and tested whether walking behaviour mediated these associations. Individual-level data were drawn from a population-based biomedical cohort study of adults in Adelaide, South Australia (North West Adelaide Health Study). Participants’ local-area perceptions were analysed in cross-sectional associations with metabolic syndrome using multilevel regression models (n = 1,324). A nonparametric bootstrapping procedure evaluated whether walking mediated these associations. Metabolic syndrome was negatively associated with greater local land-use mix, positive aesthetics, and greater infrastructure for walking, and was positively associated with greater perceived crime and barriers to walking. Walking partially mediated associations between metabolic syndrome and perceived environmental features. Initiatives targeting residents’ perceptions of local areas may enhance the utility of environmental interventions to improve population health.Item Metadata only Cohort profile: The men androgen inflammation lifestyle environment and stress (MAILES) study(Oxford Univ Press, 2014) Grant, J.; Martin, S.; Taylor, A.; Wilson, D.; Araujo, A.; Adams, R.; Jenkins, A.; Milne, R.; Hugo, G.; Atlantis, E.; Wittert, G.; Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences; National Centre for Social Applications of GIS (GISCA)The Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) Study was established in 2009 to investigate the associations of sex steroids, inflammation, environmental and psychosocial factors with cardio-metabolic disease risk in men. The study population consists of 2569 men from the harmonisation of two studies: all participants of the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study (FAMAS) and eligible male participants of the North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS). The cohort has so far participated in three stages of the MAILES Study: MAILES1 (FAMAS Wave 1, from 2002–2005, and NWAHS Wave 2, from 2004–2006); MAILES2 (FAMAS Wave 2, from 2007–2010, and NWAHS Wave 3, from 2008–2010); and MAILES3 (a computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) survey of all participants in the study, conducted in 2010). Data have been collected on a comprehensive range of physical, psychosocial and demographic issues relating to a number of chronic conditions (including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis and mental health) and health-related risk factors (including obesity, blood pressure, smoking, diet, alcohol intake and inflammatory markers), as well as on current and past health status and medication. Initial approaches or enquiries regarding the study can be made to either the principal investigator (gary.wittert@adelaide.edu.au) or the project coordinator (sean.martin@adelaide.edu.au).Item Metadata only Depression and obesity in adults with asthma: multiple comorbidities and management issues(Australasian Med Publ Co Ltd, 2010) Wilson, D.; Appleton, S.; Taylor, A.; Tucker, G.; Ruffin, R.; Wittert, G.; Hugo, G.; Goldney, R.; Findlay, C.; Adams, R.OBJECTIVE: To examine the comparative prevalence and distribution of obesity and psychological disturbance in the asthma and non-asthma populations, and to determine how these comorbidities are associated with physical functioning. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A South Australian population-representative study of 3175 adults who provided data on asthma, psychological morbidity, physical functioning, and body mass index. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified how these comorbidities were distributed in asthma and non-asthma subpopulations, and the variance in physical functioning that they explained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of obesity and psychological morbidity, and physical functioning scores in asthma and non-asthma populations. RESULTS: Men and women in the asthma population had similar prevalences of obesity (35.3% v 33.6%) and psychological morbidity (29.5% v 29.4%). When compared with non-asthma controls, both comorbidities were significantly higher only in men with asthma. The prevalence of psychological morbidity within different weight categories in the asthma population compared with non-asthma weight-category controls varied by sex. Physical functioning was lower in the asthma population than the non-asthma population (46.6 [95% CI, 45.9–47.3] v 48.8 [95% CI, 47.8–50.0]; P < 0.001), and psychological morbidity explained 22% of this variance. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological morbidity and obesity are common in people with asthma. The sex-specific variation in psychological morbidity across weight categories suggests that future studies of psychological morbidity in groups with asthma should adopt designs that consider sex-specific controls rather than comparisons between the sexes.Item Metadata only Neighbourhood environment and depressive symptoms: mediating role of stress and sense of community(Springer, 2015) Paquet, C.; Howard, N.; Coffee, N.; Hugo, G.; Taylor, A.; Adams, R.; Daniel, M.; 36th Annual Meeting & Scientific Sessions, Society of Behavioral Medicine (22 Apr 2015 - 25 Apr 2015 : San Antonio, Texas)Item Open Access Prevalence of asthma and asthma action plans in South Australia: population surveys from 1990 to 2001(Australasian Med Publ Co Ltd, 2003) Wilson, D.; Adams, R.; Appleton, S.; Hugo, G.; Wilkinson, D.; Hiller, J.; Ryan, P.; Cheek, J.; Ruffin, R.OBJECTIVES: To assess trends in the prevalence of self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma, associated asthma related morbidity, and the uptake of written asthma action plans in South Australia, 1990–2001. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Surveys by telephone interview of the South Australian population between 1990 and 2001, and interview of participants in their own homes by trained health interviewers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Asthma prevalence, percentage of patients with written action plans, and asthma associated morbidity. RESULTS: The reported prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma has increased from 8% (95% CI, 6.4%–9.6%) in 1990 to 12.8% (95% CI, 11.4%–14.2%) in 2001. Morbidity, as measured by wakening at night (daily or weekly) and days lost from normal activities because of asthma, has remained constant over the decade. The percentage of patients with written asthma action plans increased to a peak of 42.3% (95% CI, 40.3%–44.3%) in 1995, but then declined to 22.2% (95% CI, 20.7%–23.7%) in 2001. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma has increased while morbidity has remained constant, indicating that the burden of asthma has increased. The associated decline in the percentage of patients with asthma action plans in recent years is cause for concern.Item Metadata only Projected future trends of hospital service use for selected obesity-related conditions(Elsevier BV, 2008) Adams, R.; Tucker, G.; Hugo, G.; Hill, C.; Wilson, D.Summary
Background
The duel problems of obesity and the aging of society are likely to produce substantially increased demand on health services in the future. We examine the projected burden which four obesity-related conditions potentially can place on the hospital system in Australia: diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), knee replacements, and bariatric surgery.Methods
Separations for each condition were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) data from 1990 to 2005. Projections of age specific rates for each condition/procedure to 2020 by sex and 5-year age groups developed using double exponential smoothing were applied to population projections to estimate numbers of separations or procedures.Results
Large, significant increases in rates per 100,000 population for each condition/procedure occurred from 1990 to 2005 for each gender and across all adult age groups. Numbers of separations for diabetes are estimated to increase from 50,258 in 2005 to 180,057 in 2020 and for OSA from 32,262 to 83,535. Procedures for total knee replacements are projected to increase from 28,490 in 2005 to 67,619 in 2020 and for bariatric surgery from 32,262 to 83,535.Conclusion
The combined effects of demographic change with a rapidly aging population along with a high and increasing prevalence of obesity will continue to drive the four conditions/procedures studied and this will have a considerable effect on health resources. The consequences of not acting, or acting ineffectively, are high and constitute a serious threat to future public health.Item Metadata only The Australian baby boomer population-factors influencing changes to health-related quality of life over time(Sage Publications Inc, 2013) Buckley, J.; Tucker, G.; Hugo, G.; Wittert, G.; Adams, R.; Wilson, D.OBJECTIVES: Identify factors associated with changes to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in baby boomers. METHODS: Panel data were collected on baby boomers at two time points, 2000-2002 and 2004-2006. A fixed-effects model was used to identify associations between changes in the dependent variable (SF-36 summary scales) and changes in independent variables (health indicators/employment status). RESULTS: Mental health problems, being out of labor force, sedentary behavior, and severe lung disease were associated with deterioration in physical and mental HRQoL. Obesity was associated with deterioration in physical HRQoL whereas cardiovascular disease was associated with deterioration in mental HRQoL. Unemployment, full-time employment, and absence of lung disease symptoms were associated with improvements in physical and mental HRQoL. Discussion: If we are to maximize the future labor participation, and HRQoL, of this cohort, it will be necessary to reduce obesity and sedentary behavior and to further investigate the association between health and employment.