Australian Population and Migration Research Centre publications
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Item Metadata only Challenges, facilitators and enablers of conducting research with youth from refugee backgrounds(Australian Psychological Society, 2018) Ziaian, T.; Puvimanasinghe, T.; Miller, E.; De Anstiss, H.; Dollard, M.; Esterman, A.; Barrie, H.R.; Afsharian, A.Methodological and ethical challenges encountered when conducting research with refugee populations can pertain to gaining access to the population concerned, dispelling confusion about the research process, fostering trust among participants and their communities, addressing language and cultural barriers, and managing tensions in academic-industry partnerships. This article describes the challenges, facilitators and enablers we encountered when planning and designing a research project to investigate education and employment outcomes among newly arrived young people from refugee backgrounds. Notwithstanding careful planning, we encountered a number of challenges that could only be effectively managed by developing strong relationships with Industry Partners, Bilingual Youth Workers, and research participants. Our experiences may be useful to cross-cultural and other researchers seeking to undertake cross-cultural research.Item Metadata only Neighbourhood environment and depressive symptoms: mediating role of stress and sense of community(Springer, 2015) Paquet, C.; Howard, N.; Coffee, N.; Hugo, G.; Taylor, A.; Adams, R.; Daniel, M.; 36th Annual Meeting & Scientific Sessions, Society of Behavioral Medicine (22 Apr 2015 - 25 Apr 2015 : San Antonio, Texas)Item Open Access Knowns and known-unknowns on emigration and the diaspora(2014) Gamlen, A.; Royal Society of New Zealand: Our Futures ReviewItem Metadata only Boats, borders and ballot boxes: asylum seekers on Australia's northern shore(Routledge, 2015) Hugo, G.; Napitupulu, C.; Van Der Velde, M.; Van Naerssen, T.Item Metadata only The Sri Lankan population in Australia(University of Colombo, 2015) Hugo, G.; Dissanayake, L.; Ukwatta, S.Item Metadata only Impacts of land use changes on net ecosystem production in the Taihu Lake Basin of China from 1985 to 2010(American Geophysical Union, 2017) Xu, X.; Yang, G.; Tan, Y.; Tang, X.; Jiang, H.; Sun, X.; Zhuang, Q.; Li, H.Land use changes play a major role in determining sources and sinks of carbon at regional and global scales. This study employs a modified Global biome model-biogeochemical cycle model to examine the changes in the spatiotemporal pattern of net ecosystem production (NEP) in the Taihu Lake Basin of China during 1985–2010 and the extent to which land use change impacted NEP. The model is calibrated with observed NEP at three flux sites for three dominant land use types in the basin including cropland, evergreen needleleaf forest, and mixed forest. Two simulations are conducted to distinguish the net effects of land use change and increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO₂ and nitrogen deposition on NEP. The study estimates that NEP in the basin decreased by 9.8% (1.57 Tg C) from 1985 to 2010, showing an overall downward trend. The NEP distribution exhibits an apparent spatial heterogeneity at the municipal level. Land use changes during 1985–2010 reduced the regional NEP (3.21 Tg C in year 2010) by 19.9% compared to its 1985 level, while the increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and nitrogen deposition compensated for a half of the total carbon loss. Critical measures for regulating rapid urban expansion and population growth and reinforcing environment protection programs are recommended to increase the regional carbon sink.Item Metadata only Inhibition of phospholipase A₂ in rat brain modifies different membrane fluidity parameters in opposite ways(Elsevier, 2011) Schaeffer, E.; Skaf, H.; Novaes, B.; da Silva, E.; Martins, B.; Joaquim, H.; Gattaz, W.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only Explaining the rise of diaspora institutions(International Migration Institute, University of Oxford, 2013) Gamlen, A.; Cummings, M.; Vaaler, P.; Rossouw, L.; The Impact of Diasporas (17 Sep 2015 : London, UK)Why do states establish and empower diaspora engagement institutions? Origin-state institutions dedicated to emigrants and their descendants have been largely overlooked in mainstream political studies, perhaps because they fall in the grey area between domestic politics and international relations. Now, diaspora institutions are found in over half of all United Nations member states, yet we have little theory and broad-sample statistical evidence to guide our understanding about when they are more likely to emerge and increase in importance. In response, we identify and then investigate empirical support for three theoretically-grounded perspectives on diaspora institution emergence and importance: instrumentally rational states tapping resources of emigrants and their descendants; value-rational states embracing lost members of the nation-state; institutionally-converging states governing diasporas consistent with global norms. We document support for these alternative perspectives in regression and related analyses modelling diaspora institution emergence and importance in 144 states observed from 1990-2010. Tapping perspective estimations exhibit better overall model fit compared to estimations based on other perspectives. Estimations combining perspectives exhibit the best model fit. Individual terms exhibiting signs contrary to prediction suggest new directions for theoretical and empirical research from different perspectives. We advance international relations research by identifying, distinguishing and testing alternative perspectives explaining diaspora institution emergence and importance. We also advance international relations practice and policy with evidence-guided insight on near-term trends in institution emergence and importance.Item Metadata only Diaspora engagement policies: what are they and what kinds of states use them?(COMPAS, University of Oxford, 2006) Gamlen, A.This paper presents an original typology of diaspora engagement policies intended to facilitate comparative research. The typology is arises from a two part argument: a) that diaspora engagement policies consist of a diversity of measures aimed at (re)producing citizen-sovereign relationships with expatriates, and b) that these measures can be coordinated as part of states’ attempts to manage the scale of their political and economic manoeuvres. By using the typology to systematically review the diaspora engagement policies of over 70 states, the paper questions four key assumptions in existing literature on diaspora engagement policies, establishing that they are compatible with two models of citizenship, and arguing that they are not confined to any one kind of state.Item Metadata only Why engage diasporas?(COMPAS, University of Oxford, 2008) Gamlen, A.This paper evaluates arguments for and against diaspora engagement policies, focusing on three main areas: origin-state interests, the mutual obligations between states and emigrants, and the cooperation among sending-states, receiving-states and migrants themselves. Firstly, it argues that globalization and transnationalism present imperatives and opportunities for migrant-sending states to pursue their interests by engaging their diasporas. Secondly, it argues that mutual obligations between sending states and emigrants call for better diaspora policy making. Thirdly, it argues that better diaspora policies are a necessary part of strengthening global migration governance. Better diaspora policy does not mean more diaspora policy but more coherent diaspora policy, in order to avoid the arbitrary inefficiencies and injustices which currently characterise state-diaspora relations in many parts of the world.Item Metadata only International migration data and the study of super-diversity(Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, 2010) Gamlen, A.The purpose of this paper is to review ten prominent sources of data on international migration, specifically in light of their relevance to research on the ‘superdiversification’ of international migration in the post-World War II period, and in particular to the hypothesis that migration patterns involving large flows between few places have shifted to patterns involving smaller flows between more places. In addition to an introduction and conclusion the paper comprises two main sections. The first discusses the types of underlying source data from which global migration datasets are generally composed, highlighting their particular characteristics and the challenges of availability and compatibility which arise when combining them to create more comprehensive databases. The second section of the paper provides a brief review of several hundred words for each of ten major international migration datasets. The conclusion draws attention to three datasets of particular relevance to studying the superdiversification of migration: the OECD’s SOPEMI Database, the UNPD’s Flows to and from Selected Countries (2008 Revision), and the emerging World Bank-led Database of Global Bilateral Migration History. The paper ends by noting that while analyses of these databases can yield a macro-view of the diversification of international migration, micro-data are in the long run needed to probe the intricacies of superdiversity.Item Metadata only Re-thinking immigrant investment funds(Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford, 2016) Gamlen, A.; Kutarna, C.; Monk, A.The idea of selling membership into society is not new, but it has taken on new life with the recent proliferation globally of Immigrant Investor Programs (IIPs). These programs involve the sale of national membership privileges to wealthy foreigners. They are justified by attractive policy objectives: to stimulate economic development and attract engaged investor-migrants. But they are often plagued by failures to achieve either of these two goals. This paper surveys the universe of IIPs, reviews their objectives, activities and performance, and explores how they might be improved. We develop a two-dimensional typology for distinguishing IIPs according to types of criteria they impose on program applicants: (i) wealth criteria and (ii) engagement criteria. We map out four distinct immigrant investor strategies that emerge out of these different IIP criteria: Aspiring Astronauts, Absent Oligarchs, Migrant Mayors and Pioneer Patrons. By analyzing which IIP criteria encourage which strategies, we highlight common mismatches between stated objectives and embedded incentives, helping to explain why many IIPs report poor economic and immigration policy outcomes. We also contemplate solutions. In particular, we observe that the success of an IIP depends upon the coming-together of expertise from two domains—migration policy and investment management—and we draw upon insights from successful Sovereign Development Funds (SDFs), which likewise must simultaneously achieve public policy and financial goals. We propose a set of principles to guide the emergence of a new type of SDF: Immigrant Investment Funds (IIFs). We also indicate how such vehicles might help address urgent issues around migration and refugees, for example by investing in refugee and migrant entrepreneurship and in the infrastructures needed to incorporate newcomers, thereby demonstrating the public value of immigration at a time when anti-immigrant rhetoric has become a serious irritant in world politics.Item Metadata only Why is it important to know about diasporas?(2008) Gamlen, A.; United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Conference of European StatisticiansItem Metadata only Future population change in Adelaide.(1991) Hugo, G.; Rudd, D.; Young, M.; South Australian Planning ReviewItem Metadata only Three Gorges project: impacts of rural resettlement and urban relocation on the environment in the reservoir area(Trans Pacific Press; Kyoto University Press, 2009) Tan, Y.; Potter, L.; Ken-ichi, A.; Nickum, J.Item Metadata only 祖籍国与离散族裔的关系_比较与理论的视角_亚历山大_德拉诺 = Comparing and Theorizing State-Diaspora Relations(CNKI, 2015) Délano, A.; Gamlen, A.; Falong, L.本文评论、综合和拓宽现有祖籍国与离散族裔关系研究的理论基础,强调该领域现有大多数研究存在碎片化、个案研究倾向和非理论化的现象,指出在这一领域进行比较和理论化研究的必要性,并提出可行的研究主题和研究方法。本文首先描述了所考察祖籍国与离散族裔关系现象的范围,评论了此领域研究的各层次的文献,之后讨论了《政治地理》杂志2014年第41卷"祖籍国与离散族裔关系"专栏对这一领域作出的贡献,并指出未来的研究议题,包括比较的视角、定量和定性的方法、关于政策扩散理论的争论、治理以及规范的形成等。 = This article reviews,synthesizes,and extends the theoretical underpinnings of existing research on state-diaspora relations,highlighting the fragmented,case-study oriented and a-theoretical nature of most existing work in this area,emphasizing the need to compare and theorize state-diaspora relations and suggesting topics and methods through which this can be done. First we describe the range of phenomena under examination and review the various strands of literature informing this area of research. From there we discuss the contribution of this special section of Political Geography and point the way towards a future research agenda that includes a comparative dimension,employs quantitative and qualitative methods,and engages theoretical debates in relation to policy diffusion,governance and norm formation.Item Metadata only Water shortage and inequality in Minqin Oasis of northwest China: Adaptive policies and farmers’ perceptions(Taylor and Francis, 2017) Tan, Y.; Liu, X.C.Minqin oasis, located at the lower reaches of the Shiyang River in northwest China, is one of the driest regions in the world. Severe water shortage has exacerbated the vulnerability of local ecosystems and the agricultural livelihood of farmers, and ecological failure threatens the environmental security of the region. Since 2007 China has implemented a range of strategic programmes and policies on water management which involve governments at all levels and include a diversity of adaptive actions in this region. However, rural households do not benefit equally from the policies and programmes. This study addresses two questions: first, how are inequality issues addressed in water-related policies and programmes? And second, what demographic and socioeconomic factors at the household level are significantly related to the inequality in benefit sharing arisen from the implementation of these policies? The study employs a mixed method approach, integrating a qualitative approach that investigates policy documents with a quantitative approach that analyses primary data collected from a household survey in Minqin in 2012. The study finds that there are inadequate financial and instrumental resources put in place to address the causes of inequality. Unequal holdings of household capital, especially social capital and political status, significantly influences whether or not farmers can benefit from the water-related policies and schemes as practiced in the study area. Addressing the root causes of unequal benefits from water-related policies is urgent if China aims to achieve policy goals and sustainable development in this ecologically vulnerable region.Item Open Access Re-thinking immigrant investment funds(Investment Migration Council, 2016) Gamlen, A.; Kutarna, C.; Monk, A.The idea of selling membership into society is not new, but it has taken on new life with the recent proliferation globally of Immigrant Investor Programs (IIPs). These programs involve the sale of national membership privileges to wealthy foreigners. They are justified by attractive policy objectives: to stimulate economic development and attract engaged investor-migrants. But they are often plagued by failures to achieve either of these two goals. This paper surveys the universe of IIPs, reviews their objectives, activities and performance, and explores how they might be improved. We develop a two-dimensional typology for distinguishing IIPs according to types of criteria they impose on program applicants: (i) wealth criteria and (ii) engagement criteria. We map out four distinct immigrant investor strategies that emerge out of these different IIP criteria: Aspiring Astronauts, Absent Oligarchs, Migrant Mayors and Pioneer Patrons. By analyzing which IIP criteria encourage which strategies, we highlight common mismatches between stated objectives and embedded incentives, helping to explain why many IIPs report poor economic and immigration policy outcomes. We also contemplate solutions. In particular, we observe that the success of an IIP depends upon the coming-together of expertise from two domains—migration policy and investment management—and we draw upon insights from successful Sovereign Development Funds (SDFs), which likewise must simultaneously achieve public policy and financial goals. We propose a set of principles to guide the emergence of a new type of SDF: Immigrant Investment Funds (IIFs). We also indicate how such vehicles might help address urgent issues around migration and refugees, for example by investing in refugee and migrant entrepreneurship and in the infrastructures needed to incorporate newcomers, thereby demonstrating the public value of immigration at a time when anti-immigrant rhetoric has become a serious irritant in world politics.Item Metadata only Faultlines and contact zones: a new forum for migration studies(Oxford University Press, 2013) Gamlen, A.; Betts, A.; Delano, A.; Lacroix, T.; Paoletti, E.; Sigona, N.; Vargas-Silva, C.Item Metadata only Migration studies: taking stock of a new start(Oxford University Press, 2013) Gamlen, A.