Orthopaedics and Trauma publications

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Browsing Orthopaedics and Trauma publications by Author "Abbott, D."

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    Hip osteoarthritis: A novel network analysis of subchondral trabecular bone structures
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2022) Dorraki, M.; Muratovic, D.; Fouladzadeh, A.; Verjans, J.W.; Allison, A.; Findlay, D.M.; Abbott, D.; Yooseph, S.
    Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is a degenerative joint disease that leads to the progressive destruction of subchondral bone and cartilage at the hip joint. Development of effective treatments for HOA remains an open problem, primarily due to the lack of knowledge of its pathogenesis and a typically late-stage diagnosis.We describe a novel network analysis methodology for microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) images of human trabecular bone.We explored differences between the trabecular bone microstructure of femoral heads with and without HOA. Large-scale automated extraction of the network formed by trabecular bone revealed significant network properties not previously reported for bone. Profound differences were discovered, particularly in the proximal third of the femoral head, where HOA networks demonstrated elevated numbers of edges, vertices, and graph components. When further differentiating healthy joint and HOA networks, the latter showed fewer small-world network properties, due to decreased clustering coefficient and increased characteristic path length. Furthermore,we found that HOA networks had reduced length of edges, indicating the formation of compressed trabecular structures. In order to assess our network approach,we developed a deep learningmodel for classifying HOA and control cases, and we fed it with two separate inputs: (i) micro-CT images of the trabecular bone, and (ii) the network extracted from them. The model with plain micro-CT images achieves 74.6% overall accuracy while the trained model with extracted networks attains 96.5% accuracy. We anticipate our findings to be a starting point for a novel description of bone microstructure in HOA, by considering the phenomenon from a graph theory viewpoint.
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    In vitro osteosarcoma biosensing using THz time domain spectroscopy
    (SPIE, 2004) Ferguson, B.; Liu, H.; Hay, S.; Findlay, D.; Zhang, X.; Abbott, D.; Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology 2003 (10 December 2003 : Perth, Australia); Faraone, L.; Vardan, V.K.
    Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has a wide range ofapplications from semiconductor diagnostics to biosensing. Recentattention has focused on bio-applications and several groups havenoted the ability of THz-TDS to differentiate basal cell carcinomatissue from healthy dermal tissue ex vivo.The contrast mechanism is unclear but has been attributed toincreased interstitial water in cancerous tissue. In this work weinvestigate the THz response of human osteosarcoma cells andnormal human bone cells grown in culture to isolate the cells'responses from other effects. A classification algorithms basedon a frequency selection by genetic algorithm is used to attemptto differentiate between the cell types based on the THz spectra.Encouraging preliminary results have been obtained.