Australian Population and Migration Research Centre (APMRC)
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Item Metadata only 2001 Australian Census(Australian Population Association, 2002) Hugo, Graeme John; School of Social Sciences : Geographical and Environmental StudiesItem Metadata only 2012 Migration update report(University of Adelaide, 2012) Hugo, G.; Migration Update Conference (2012 : Adelaide, South Australia)Item Metadata only A critical review of rural medical workforce retention in Australia(Australian Healthcare Association, 2001) Humphreys, J.; Jones, J.; Jones, M.; Hugo, G.; Bamford, E.; Taylor, D.The problem of how best to recruit and retain doctors in rural and remote communities has led governments to adopt a range of medical workforce incentives, including retention grants. A comprehensive literature survey suggests that medical workforce retention has been poorly distinguished from other supply issues such as recruitment, and that its determinants and the process leading to retention are poorly understood. Such a knowledge gap is likely to limit the effectiveness of retention incentives. This article reports the results of this literature review, and advances a conceptual framework as the basis for ongoing research and evaluating how best to deliver effective retention interventions.Item Metadata only A demographic view of changing youth in Asia(UNESCO Publishing, 2005) Hugo, G.; Gale, F.; Fahey, S.Item Metadata only A global labor market: Factors motivating the sponsorship and temporary migration of skilled workers to Australia(Center Migration Studies, 2007) Khoo, S.; McDonald, P.; Voigt-Graf, C.; Hugo, G.The recruitment of skilled foreign workers is becoming increasingly important to many industrialized countries. This paper examines the factors motivating the sponsorship and temporary migration of skilled workers to Australia under the temporary business entry program, a new development in Australia's migration policy. The importance of labor demand in the destination country in stimulating skilled temporary migration is clearly demonstrated by the reasons given by employers in the study while the reasons indicated by skilled temporary migrants for coming to work in Australia show the importance of both economic and non-economic factors in motivating skilled labor migration.Item Metadata only A greater Australia: population, policies and governance(Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 2012) Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences; Pincus, J.; Hugo, G.; National Centre for Social Applications of GIS (GISCA)Item Metadata only A Metropolitan Accessibility Index for Australian Capital Cities - Metro ARIA(2015) Lange, J.; Taylor, D.; 8th International Conference on Population Geographies: The Spatial Dimensions of Population (ICPG2015) (30 Jun 2015 - 3 Jul 2015 : The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia)Accessibility measures make it possible to investigate the relationship between location and health, well-being, service utilisation, and service provision. With no standard metropolitan accessibility measure available across Australia, this presentation examines the development, potential applications, and research opportunities possible with the Metropolitan Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (Metro ARIA). Metro ARIA is a composite spatial index that reflects the ease or difficulty people face accessing basic services within a metropolitan context. Its methodology, originally developed in 2002, was based on the widely used Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia Plus (ARIA+) methodology. Metro ARIA has been adapted from ARIA+ to be more sensitive for quantifying accessibility within metropolitan Australia, and has recently been constructed for all Australian capital cities. Calculation of Metro ARIA is derived from the measurement of road distances from land parcels within Australia’s eight capital cities to services locations belonging to five service themes: (1) Education; (2) Health; (3) Shopping; (4) Public Transport; and (5) Financial/Postal Services. In addition to the final composite index, accessibility classifications (ranging from high to low) for each of the five service themes can be used for standalone analysis. The resulting six accessibility indices have been aligned to Statistical Area 1 census units for easy integration with Australian census datasets to inform current research and stimulate new research opportunities. As one of 1,000+ datasets currently available to urban researchers through the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network (AURIN), access to the Metro ARIA accessibility indices (via the AURIN portal) will also be discussed.Item Metadata only A multi sited approach to analysis of destination immigration data: An Asia-Pacific example(Institut national d'etudes demographiques, 2012) Hugo, G.There has been a bias in standard international migration data collection and research toward immigration and destinations while emigration and origins have been neglected. This has hampered our ability to provide a substantial empirical base for migration and development policy making in origin areas. While improvement of migration data collection in origin countries remains an important priority, this paper argues that much can be learned about emigration from low income countries from immigration data in high income destinations. Migration stock and flow data from Australia are used to provide information on the scale and nature of movement between Asia-Pacific countries and Australia. It establishes that there are important but different flows in both directions which belie traditional conceptualisations of south-north migration and this has significant implications for the effects of migration on economic development.Item Metadata only A multi sited approach to analysis of destination immigration data: an asian example(Wiley, 2014) Hugo, G.There has been a bias in standard international migration data collection and research toward immigration and destinations while emigration origins have been neglected. This has hampered our ability to provide a substantial empirical base for migration and development policy decision making in origin areas. While improvement of migration data collection in origin countries remains an important priority, this paper argues that much can be learned about emigration from low income countries from immigration data in high income destinations. Migration stock and flow data from Australia are used to provide information on the scale and nature of movement between Asia and Australia. It establishes that there are important but different flows in both directions which belie traditional conceptualisations of south-north migration and this has significant implications for the effects of migration on economic development.Item Metadata only A new global migration regime(Monash University, Monash Institute for the Study of Global Movements, 2004) Hugo, G.Item Metadata only A new paradigm of international migration in Australia(1999) Hugo, G.Item Metadata only A non-geographical application of spatial information systems in pupillometry(Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2003) Bryan, B.; Stone, B.AbstractSpatial analysis and spatial information systems have great potential in many non‐geographic domains. This paper presents an example of the utility of spatial analysis in a non‐geographic domain. A technique of pupillometry using digital infrared video loosely coupled with a Spatial Information System and a spreadsheet is developed to accurately quantify pupil dilation magnitude and constriction onset latency for participants of different cognitive ability and under different cognitive loads. Spatio‐temporal pupil dynamics of participants are recorded using digital infrared video. The pupil to iris area ratio is calculated for over 470,000 temporally sequenced de‐interlaced video fields by automatic feature extraction using a combination of threshold analysis, spatial smoothing and areal filtering. Pupil dilation magnitudes and constriction onset latencies are calculated through post‐processing in a spreadsheet. The study identifies inadequacies in current spatial analytical techniques for automatic feature extraction not necessarily evident in geographic applications. Issues impeding the employment of spatial analysis in non‐geographic domains including the lack of a generic spatial referencing system are identified and discussed.Item Metadata only A population policy for South Australia?(Monash University, Centre for Population and Urban Research, 2002) Hugo, G.is possible for a State Government to develop a population policy. If South Australia wishes to increase its population and re-balance its age structure there are a number of strategies it could adopt; for example it could try to persuade some young people who have left the State to return, especially couples with children, and it could improve gender equity in the workplace and thus help support fertility. In contrast, schemes designed to divert large numbers of international immigrants to the State are unlikely to succeed.Item Metadata only A spatially sensitive approach to understanding the impact of public expenditure on social exclusion(QUT, 2006) Wilson, L.; Spoehr, J.; Martin, S.; Social Change in the 21st Century (2006 : Brisbane); Hopkinson, C.; Hall, C.; Australian Institute for Social ResearchEfforts by Australian governments to restructure the welfare state since the 1990s have included the development of a plethora of performance indicators tied to the outputs of social programs. Performance measures can be misleading because they tend to be limited in their assessments to the target group. Social outcomes generated by public expenditure that are not related to the role and tasks of the agency services, tend not to be measured or are under reported. For example, the performance of state sponsored literacy programs can be measured by how well children learn in schools but the flow on effects of a more literate community and the social and economic implications thereof are rarely examined. Moreover, social welfare performance indicators do not consider the equity implications of gross and net public expenditure. That is, governments may spend money in a given area to achieve social outcomes but also tax the same community in ways which moderate the effectiveness of social programs. This paper reports on a project that aims to deploy geographical information systems (GIS) to investigate these processes. The equity implications of gross and net public expenditure are considered in a discussion of the development of a process to map the impact of public expenditure on social exclusion.Item Metadata only Academia's own demographic time-bomb(National Tertiary Education Union, 2005) Hugo, G.It’s no news that Australian academics, like Australian cricketers, are getting older (and perhaps tireder). But the exact dimensions of the sector’s staffing crisis haven’t been clear. Graham Hugo has been studying the figures in detail, and he suggests that the problem may in fact be worse than has been thought. Around a quarter of the academic workforce will retire in the next decade, and there’s a ‘lost generation’ where their replacements should be.Item Metadata only Accessibility to general practitioners in rural South Australia. A case study using geographic information system technology(Australasian Medical Pub. Co., 1999) Bamford, E.; Dunne, L.; Taylor, D.; Symon, B.; Hugo, G.; Wilkinson, D.Objective
To demonstrate the potential of GIS (geographic information system) technology and ARIA (Accessibility/Remoteness Index for Australia) as tools for medical workforce and health service planning in Australia.Design
ARIA is an index of remoteness derived by measuring road distance between populated localities and service centres. A continuous variable of remoteness from 0 to 12 is generated for any location in Australia. We created a GIS, with data on location of general practitioner services in non-metropolitan South Australia derived from the database of RUMPS (Rural Undergraduate Medical Placement System), and estimated, for the 1170 populated localities in South Australia, the accessibility/inaccessibility of the 109 identified GP services.Main outcome measures
Distance from populated locality to GP services.Results
Distance from populated locality to GP service ranged from 0 to 677 km (mean, 58 km). In all, 513 localities (43%) had a GP service within 20 km (for the majority this meant located within the town). However, for 173 populated localities (15%), the nearest GP service was more than 80 km away. There was a strong correlation between distance to GP service and ARIA value for each locality (0.69; P < 0.05).Conclusions
GP services are relatively inaccessible to many rural South Australian communities. There is potential for GIS and for ARIA to contribute to rational medical workforce and health service planning. Adding measures of health need and more detailed data on types and extent of GP services provided will allow more sophisticated planning.Item Metadata only Addressing social and community planning issues with spatial information(Carfax Publishing, 2001) Hugo, G.Australia today, there is still relatively limited use being made of spatial information systems (SIS). Nevertheless, the technology and methodology is developing rapidly. What is already available has the capacity to assist in the process of making social service provision and community planning more people oriented, more effective and more equitable in its outcomes. Recognising the need for a sound social science context, this paper demonstrates, using a range of examples especially geared towards rural and regional Australia, the work of the National Key Centre for Social Applications of Geographical Information Systems.Item Metadata only Adelaide turns back in on itself(Carfax Publishing, 1998) Badcock, Blair A.; National Centre for Social Applications of GIS (GISCA)Item Metadata only Ageing owners and the significance of family business closures - towards a better understanding of the likely impact of family business closures in Australia(Monash University ePress, 2006) Spoehr, J.The family business sector in Australia is a highly significant yet relatively under-researched sector of business. Despite the large size and significant contribution of the family business sector to Australia, little is known about the specific impacts of family business closures on families, the economy and the community. Australia is poised to experience a rapid acceleration in the number of family business seeking to transfer over the next ten years as the baby boom generation of family business owners approach retirement. In this context this paper focuses attention on what the likely range of socio-economic impacts of family business closures are likely to be.Item Metadata only All toba tephra occurrences across peninsular India belong to the 75,000 yr B.P. eruption(1998) Westgate, John A.; Shane, Philip A. R.; Pearce, Nicholas J. G.; Perkins, William T.; Korisettar, Ravi; Chesner, Craig A.; Williams, Martin Anthony J.; Acharyya, Subhrangsu K.; National Centre for Social Applications of GIS (GISCA)