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Item Metadata only 2016 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: Anticipatory nausea and vomiting in children and adults receiving chemotherapy(Springer, 2017) Dupuis, L.L.; Roscoe, J.A.; Olver, I.; Aapro, M.; Molassiotis, A.PURPOSE: We aimed to update the 2011 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting in children and adults receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: The original systematic literature search was updated. Randomized studies were included in the evidence to support this guideline if they as follows: were primary studies published in a journal in full text (i.e., abstracts, letters, book chapters, and dissertations were excluded); published in English; evaluated an intervention for the prevention or treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting; reported the proportion of patients experiencing complete control of anticipatory nausea and vomiting consistently and; included at least ten participants per study arm for comparative studies and at least ten participants overall for noncomparative studies. RESULTS: Eighty-eight new citations were identified. Of these, nine were brought to full-text screening; none met inclusion criteria. The guideline panel continues to recommend that anticipatory nausea and vomiting are best prevented through optimization of acute and delayed phase chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control. Benzodiazepines and behavioral therapies, in particular progressive muscle relaxation training, systematic desensitization and hypnosis, continue to be recommended for the treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSIONS: No new information regarding interventions aimed at treating or preventing ANV that met criteria for inclusion in this systematic review was identified. The 2015 MASCC recommendations affirm the content of the 2009 MASCC recommendations for the prevention and treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting.Item Metadata only 246 What are the implications of changing treatment delivery models for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) sufferers?(Karger Publishers, 2013) Mikocka-Walus, A.A.; Andrews, J.M.; Von Kanel, R.; Moser, G.; World Congress on Psychosomatic Medicine: Psychosomatic Assessment and Integrative Care (ICPM)Introduction: an integrated biopsychosocial model of care has been used effectively to manage chronic diseases; however, there is limited yet encouraging evidence on its introduction to manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic gastrointestinal condition. The aim of this paper is to discuss the rationale for and implications of introducing an integrated model of care for IBD sufferers, with a particular focus on: psychology input, patientcentred care, efficiency as perceived by patients and doctors financial implications and the possible means of model introduction. Methods: a discussion paper of the integrated model of care for IBD against a background of what has been learned from an integrated model of care established in other chronic conditions. Results: although limited, the emerging data on an integrated model of care in IBD are encouraging with respect to patient outcomes and savings in healthcare costs. In other conditions, the model has been well received by both patients and practitioners, although the loss of autonomy by doctors is listed among its drawbacks. The cost-effectiveness data are now sufficiently convincing to recommend the model’s acceptance in principle. Conclusions: the model should be promoted on the policy level rather than by individual practitioners to facilitate equal access for IBD suffers on a larger scale than currently.Item Metadata only A binational registry of adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension complicating congenital heart disease(Wiley, 2015) Strange, G.; Rose, M.; Kermeen, F.; O'Donnell, C.; Keogh, A.; Kotlyar, E.; Grigg, L.; Bullock, A.; Disney, P.; Dwyer, N.; Whitford, H.; Tanous, D.; Frampton, C.; Weintraub, R.; Celermajer, D.Background The management of children with congenital heart disease, CHD, has improved over recent decades and several patients surviving with CHD into adulthood are increasing. In developed countries, there are now as many adults as there are children living with CHD. Pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH, occurs in, of patients with CHD. Aim We aimed to understand the characteristics and outcomes of this emerging population. Methods We collected data retrospectively and prospectively from, contributing centres across Australia and New Zealand, . Patients were included if they had been diagnosed with PAH and CHD and had been seen once in an adult centre after, January, . Results Of, patients with CHD-PAH, were female and, were New York Heart Association functional class II or III at the time of adult diagnosis of PAH. Mean age at diagnosis of PAH in adulthood was, ., years, and on average, patients were diagnosed with PAH, years after symptom onset. All-cause mortality was, at, years, at, years and, at, years. One hundred and six patients, experienced, hospitalisations during, patient years of follow up. Eighty-nine per cent of patients were prescribed PAH specific therapy, mean exposure of, ., years, . Conclusions Adults with PAH and CHD often have this diagnosis made after significant delay, and have substantial medium-term morbidity and mortality. This suggests a need for children transitioning to adult care with CHD to be closely monitored for this complication.Item Metadata only A biopsychosocial model of resilience for multiple sclerosis(Sage Publications Ltd, 2015) Black, R.; Dorstyn, D.; Faculty of Health SciencesThe concept of resilience remains under-researched in the multiple sclerosis literature. Consequently, current understanding of the unique and joint contribution of disability-specific variables, cognitive behavioural skills and social resources to this dynamic process is limited. A holistic model of resilience was therefore developed and tested. Results of an online survey completed by 196 adults with multiple sclerosis revealed both direct and indirect pathways to resilience, with positive affect and self-efficacy being the strongest predictors. The findings lend support to psychological interventions which focus on promoting the personal resources and assets needed to cope effectively with multiple sclerosis.Item Metadata only A brief conversation analytic communication intervention can change history-taking in the seizure clinic(Elsevier, 2015) Jenkins, L.; Cosgrove, J.; Ekberg, K.; Kheder, A.; Sokhi, D.; Reuber, M.Question design during history-taking has clear implications for patients' ability to share their concerns in general and their seizure experiences in particular. Studies have shown that unusually open questions at the start of the consultation enable patients to display interactional and linguistic markers which may help with the otherwise challenging differentiation of epileptic from nonepileptic seizures (NES). In this study, we compared the problem presentation approach taken by trainee neurologists in outpatient encounters with new patients before and after a one-day conversation analytic training intervention in which doctors were taught to adopt an open format of question design and recognize diagnostically relevant linguistic features. We audio/video-recorded clinical encounters between ten doctors, their patients, and accompanying persons; transcribed the interactions; and carried out quantitative and qualitative analyses. We studied 39 encounters before and 55 after the intervention. Following the intervention, doctors were significantly more likely to use nondirective approaches to soliciting patient accounts of their presenting complaints that invited the patient to describe their problems from their own point of view and gave them better opportunity to determine the initial agenda of the encounter. The time to first interruption by the doctor increased (from 52 to 116 s, p<.001). While patients were given more time to describe their seizure experiences, the overall appointment length did not increase significantly (19 vs 21 min, n.s.). These changes gave patients more conversational space to express their concerns and, potentially, to demonstrate the interactional and linguistic features previously found to help differentiate between epilepsy and NES, without impacting the length of the consultations.Item Metadata only A brief protocol for the creative psychosocial genomic healing experience: The 4-Stage creative process in therapeutic hypnosis and brief psychotherapy(Amer Soc Clinical Hypnosis, 2011) Rossi, E.; Cozzolino, M.; Mortimer, J.; Atkinson, D.; Rossi, K.The authors present empirical data on therapeutic hypnosis and brief psychotherapy as a 4-Stage Creative Process of focused attention and positive expectancy in professional training workshops of the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis, the National Institute for the Clinical Applications of Behavioral Medicine, and the Milton H. Erickson Foundation. The authors developed a brief protocol for assessing the 4-Stage Creative Process, which is the core dynamic of the Creative Psychosocial Genomic Healing Experience. They report that the 4-Stage Creative Process for resolving many psychological problems and symptomatic behavior in a satisfactory manner can be learned within 3 trials during 2-day professional workshops. The theory, research, and practice of private problem solving, stress reduction, and mind-body symptom resolution in professional and public settings is discussed. Immediate knowledge of results, positive peer support, and the development of new psychosocial skills in learning how to appropriately communicate live here-and-now novel and numinous experiences is an exhilarating exercise in creating new consciousness that facilitates the confidence and maturation of psychotherapists.Item Open Access A cognitive analysis of deception without lying(Cognitive Science Society, 2017) Ransom, K.; Voorspoels, W.; Perfors, A.; Navarro, D.; The 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI 2017) (26 Jul 2017 - 29 Jul 2017 : London, UK)When the interests of interlocutors are not aligned, either party may wish to avoid truthful disclosure. A sender wishing to conceal the truth from a receiver may lie by providing false information, mislead by actively encouraging the receiver to reach a false conclusion, or simply be uninformative by providing little or no relevant information. Lying entails moral and other hazards, such as detection and its consequences, and is thus often avoided. We focus here on the latter two strategies, arguably more pernicious and prevalent, but not without their own drawbacks. We argue and show in two studies that when choosing between these options, senders consider the level of suspicion likely to be exercised on the part of the receiver and how much truth must be revealed in order to mislead. Extending Bayesian models of cooperative communication to include higher level inference regarding the helpfulness of the sender leads to insight into the strategies employed in non-cooperative contexts.Item Metadata only A cognitive behavioural therapy booklet for anxiety in functional gastrointestinal disorders: patient and health practitioner perspectives(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Mikocka-Walus, A.; Ahl, A.; Gordon, A.; Andrews, J.Objective: Psychotherapy is commonly used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGiDs), yet face-to-face psychotherapy is 15 labour intensive, less convenient for patients as it involves travel to the practice, costly and not always easily available. Self-administered psychotherapies have not been extensively investigated in this population. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a self-administered cognitive behavioural therapy booklet to reduce anxiety in patients with FGiD. Method: A mixed-methods study underpinned by the Health Belief Model was conducted. Results: The booklet has been well received by patients (n = 26) and doctors (n = 8) and its acceptability and feasibility confirmed. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that this self-help tool is acceptable by patients and doctors as part of treatment for anxiety in FGiDs and its effectiveness should be further tested in adequately powered studies.Item Metadata only A comparative approach to cue competition with one and two strong predictors(Springer Verlag, 2005) Baetu, I.; Baker, A.; Darredeau, C.; Murphy, R.The relative validity effect (Wagner, Logan, Haberlandt, & Price, 1968) demonstrated that a strong cue or cause reduces responding to, or judgments of, a weaker cue or cause. We report two experiments with human subjects using relative validity preparations in which we investigate one- and two-cue competition effects. Previously, we investigated the effect using instrumental and Pavlovian conditioning preparations with rats. In the first experiment, we used a procedure analogous to the animal preparations. In the second experiment, we used a different probabilistic procedure. The results with humans and rats are very similar. In each species we find similar interference with processing the moderate predictor with one or with two strong competitors.Item Metadata only A comparative approach to the theory of psychopraxia(McFarland & Company, Inc, 2013) Storm, L.; Krippner, S.; Rock, A.; Beischel, J.; Friedman, H.; Fracasso, C.Item Metadata only A comparison of barriers to mental health support-seeking among farming and non-farming adults in rural South Australia(Wiley, 2017) Hull, M.; Fennell, K.; Vallury, K.; Jones, M.; Dollman, J.To assess the differences between farming and non-farming rural adults in perceived barriers to mental health service use.A cross-sectional survey, modified from the Barriers to Help-Seeking Scale (BHSS), was conducted using a computer-assisted telephone interview.Respondents (age 52.6 ± 11.6 years) were recruited from three rural regions of South Australia.Approximately, 78 non-farmers and 45 farmers were included in analyses. 78 retired and two unemployed participants were excluded from the analyses.Farmers and non-farmers were compared on domain scores and individual item responses from the adapted BHSS that represent 'agrarian' attitudes to support-seeking for mental health: stoicism, self-reliance, minimisation of the problem, stigma and distrust of health professionals.In the analysis of domain scores, 'Need for Control and Self-Reliance' was a stronger barrier for farmers than non-farmers (P = 0.009) with a trend (P = 0.07) towards stronger barriers among farmers in the 'Minimising Problem and Resignation' domain. In the analysis of item-level responses, there was a difference (P = 0.03) between farmers and non-farmers in responses to 'I find it difficult to understand my doctor/health professional', with 24.4% of the farmers agreeing that this is a barrier compared with 15.3% of the non-farmers.Long-held stereotypes of stoicism and self-reliance among farmers were somewhat supported, in the context of mental health. Mental health services and professionals in rural Australia might need to adapt their practices to successfully engage this population.Item Metadata only A comparison of right unilateral and sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression: a naturalistic clinical Australian study(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2017) Galletly, C.A.; Carnell, B.L.; Clarke, P.; Gill, S.Background: A great deal of research has established the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression. However, questions remain about the optimal method to deliver treatment. One area requiring consideration is the difference in efficacy between bilateral and unilateral treatment protocols. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of sequential bilateral rTMS and right unilateral rTMS. Methods: A total of 135 patients participated in the study, receiving either bilateral rTMS (N = 57) or right unilateral rTMS (N = 78). Treatment response was assessed using the Hamilton depression rating scale. Results: Sequential bilateral rTMS had a higher response rate than right unilateral (43.9% vs 30.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant. This was also the case for remission rates (33.3% vs 21.8%, respectively). Controlling for pretreatment severity of depression, the results did not indicate a significant difference between the protocols with regard to posttreatment Hamilton depression rating scale scores. Conclusions: The current study found no statistically significant differences in response and remission rates between sequential bilateral rTMS and right unilateral rTMS. Given the shorter treatment time and the greater safety and tolerability of right unilateral rTMS, this may be a better choice than bilateral treatment in clinical settings.Item Metadata only A comparison of the cognitive functioning of cleft lip, cleft lip and palate and cleft palate: A meta-analysis(Australian Psychological Society, 2011) Roberts, R.; Mathias, J.; Wheaton, P.; Annual College of Clinical Neuropsychologists Conference (17th : 2011 : Sydney, Australia)Item Metadata only A comparison of two family quality of life measures: an Australian study(Springer, 2010) Rillotta, F.; Kirby, N.; Shearer, J.; Kober, R.Item Metadata only A controlled trial of the SibworkS group program for siblings of children with special needs(Elsevier, 2015) Roberts, R.; Ejova, A.; Giallo, R.; Strohm, K.; Lillie, M.; Fuss, B.Abstract not available.Item Metadata only A cost analysis of inpatient compared with outpatient prostaglandin E₂ cervical priming for induction of labour: results from the OPRA trial(Australian Healthcare Association, 2013) Adelson, P.; Wedlock, G.; Wilkinson, C.; Howard, K.; Bryce, R.; Turnbull, D.Objective: To compare the costs of inpatient (usual care) with outpatient (intervention) care for cervical priming for induction of labour in women with healthy, low-risk pregnancies who are being induced for prolonged pregnancies or for social reasons. Methods: Data from a randomised controlled trial at two hospitals in South Australia were matched with hospital financial data. A cost analysis comparing women randomised to inpatient care with those randomised to outpatient care was performed, with an additional analysis focusing on those who received the intervention. Results: Overall, 48% of women randomised into the trial did not receive the intervention. Women randomised to outpatient care had an overall cost saving of $319 per woman (95% CI -$104 to $742) as compared with women randomised to usual care. When restricted to women who actually received the intervention, in-hospital cost savings of $433 (95% CI -$282 to $1148) were demonstrated in the outpatient group. However, these savings were partially offset by the cost of an outpatient priming clinic, reducing the overall cost savings to $156 per woman. Conclusions: Overall cost savings were not statistically significant in women who were randomised to or received the intervention. However, the trend in cost savings favoured outpatient priming. What is known about the topic? Induction of labour is a common obstetric intervention. For women with low-risk, prolonged pregnancies who require cervical priming there has been increased interest in whether this period of waiting for the cervix to ‘ripen’ can be achieved at home. Outpatient priming has been reported to reduce hospital costs and improve maternal satisfaction. However, few studies have actually examined the cost of outpatient priming for induction of labour. What does this paper add? This is the first paper in Australia to both assess the full cost of outpatient cervical priming and to compare it with usual (inpatient) care. This is the first costing paper from a randomised controlled trial directly comparing inpatient and outpatient priming with prostaglandin E2. What are the implications for practitioners? For women with prolonged, low-risk pregnancies, a program of outpatient cervical priming can potentially reduce in-hospital costs and free up labour ward beds by avoiding an additional overnight hospitalisation.Item Metadata only A coupled reaction-diffusion field model for perception-action cycle with applications to robot navigation(Inderscience Publishers, 2008) Aidman, E.; Ivancevic, V.; Jennings, A.A generalised reaction-diffusion field model for robot navigation is proposed. It utilises two mutually antagonistic neural fields counteracting in patterns similar to that of flexor/extensor muscles controlling the movements in major joints in the human body. Combining local activation and generalised inhibition represented by Amari's neural field equations and extended by the Fitzhugh-Nagumo and Wilson-Cowan activator-inhibitor systems, results in the type of neural attractor dynamics that may lead to spontaneous oscillatory pattern formation. Preliminary simulation data suggest that this approach has utility in enabling a team of autonomous vehicles to navigate in a crowded pedestrian crossingItem Metadata only A critical review of child maltreatment indices: psychometric properties and application in the South African context(2012) Ritacco, G.; Suffla, S.The public and academic focus on child maltreatment and neglect and their prevention has spawned a range of surveillance instruments and mechanisms intended to identify child maltreatment and measure its magnitude. While such surveillance responses are obviously important for the prevention and management of child maltreatment and neglect, there appears to have been insufficient attention directed at examining their utility in the South Africa context. A review hereof is likely to offer insights to programme planners and child safety advocates working to mobilise political and community-level actions. Accordingly, the paper considers a sample of child maltreatment scales and measures and critically evaluates them in terms of their psychometric properties, as well as their application value for South Africa. Review findings indicate that despite an obvious lack of evaluative standards for assessing the psychometric properties of child maltreatment measures, those considered in this review appear to perform well with the study populations and in cross-cultural applications. It is suggested that following an appraisal of their linguistic and cultural appropriateness, and the adoption of suitable piloting procedures, the identified scales could be applied in South Africa with confidence in their measurement capabilities. Keywords: review, child maltreatment and neglect, indices, cross-cultural application, South AfricaItem Metadata only A critique of the theory of psychopraxia(McFarland & Company, Inc, 2005) Storm, L.; Thalbourne, M.; Storm, L.Item Open Access A cross-lagged study of developmental trajectories of video game engagement, addiction, and mental health(Frontiers, 2018) Krossbakken, E.; Pallesen, S.; Mentzoni, R.; King, D.; Molde, H.; Finserås, T.; Torsheim, T.Objectives: Video game addiction has been associated with an array of mental health variables. There is a paucity of longitudinal studies investigating such associations, and studies differentiating addicted gaming from problem and engaged (i.e., frequent but non-problem) gaming. The current explorative study investigate the natural course of gaming behavior in three sub-studies. The aim of study 1 was to investigate antecedents and consequences of video game addiction measured as a unidimensional construct (pathological gaming). Aim of study 2 was to investigate the same associations in terms of typologies of gamers (“engaged,” “problem,” “addicted”). Furthermore, study 3 aimed to investigate the estimated stability and transitions occurring between the aforementioned typologies, and a non-pathological gaming group. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 3,000 adolescents aged 17.5 years was drawn from the population registry of Norway in 2012 and invited to participate in annual surveys spanning 3 years (NT1 = 2,059, NT2 = 1,334, NT3 = 1,277). The respondents completed measures of video game addiction, depression, anxiety, loneliness, aggression, and alcohol use disorder. Statistical analysis comprised cross-lagged path modeling, Satorra-Bentler chi square test (study 1), regression analyses (study 2), hidden Markov model of transition probabilities (study 3). Results: Findings in study 1 showed that depression and loneliness were reciprocally associated with pathological gaming. Physical aggression was identified as an antecedent, and anxiety was a consequence of pathological gaming. Investigation of the three typologies of gamers (study 2) identified loneliness and physical aggression as antecedents, and depression as a consequence of all typologies. Depression was found to be an antecedent of problem and engaged gamers. Loneliness was found as a consequence of problem gamers, and anxiety was a consequence of addicted gamers. High alcohol consumption was found antecedent to addicted gamers, and low alcohol consumption was found antecedent to problem gamers. The estimated stability of video game addiction was 35%. Conclusion: A reciprocal relationship between pathological gaming and measures of mental health problems seems to exist. The stability of video game addiction indicates a condition that for a substantial number of people does not resolve spontaneously over the course of 2 years.