Geography, Environment and Population publications
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Item Metadata only 2001 Australian Census(Australian Population Association, 2002) Hugo, Graeme John; School of Social Sciences : Geographical and Environmental StudiesItem Metadata only 2012 Migration update report(University of Adelaide, 2012) Hugo, G.; Migration Update Conference (2012 : Adelaide, South Australia)Item Open Access 21st century housing careers and Australia's future: literature review(Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, 2006) Beer, A.; Faulkner, D.; Gabriel, M.; AHURIItem Open Access 21st century housing careers and Australia's housing future(AHURI, 2009) Beer, A.; Faulkner, D.Item Open Access A 1500 year record of river discharge inferred from fluvial-marine sediments in the Australian subtropics(Elsevier, 2018) Coates-Marnane, J.; Olley, J.; Tibby, J.; Burton, J.; Haynes, D.; Kemp, J.In Australia, there is a scarcity of high resolution hyrdoclimate reconstructions for the last several millennia. Fluvial-marine sediments offer a potential avenue for examining trends in freshwater input to coastal settings and, by inference, past hydroclimates. Here, major elemental geochemistry, δ¹³C and C:N ratios of organic matter, grain size and diatom species abundance, measured in a 4.4m long sediment core collected from Moreton Bay, in east coast Australia, are used to infer the relative freshwater discharge of the adjacent catchment over the last ~1500 years. Reduced freshwater discharge into the Bay occurred from 630 to 1200 CE, especially between 1100 and 1200 CE. A broad increase in discharge is indicated after 1300 CE, extending to the present. The initial shift to the prolonged wet period coincides with both a decrease in the frequency of ‘dry’ El Niño events based on regional records from the austral Pacific, and a broad hemispheric-scale cooling trend. This record provides further insight into low amplitude climate variability in the Australian subtropics over the last 1000 years, supporting efforts in both forecasting current and future climates, and managing regional water resources. Importantly, instrumental records do not cover the full range of natural climate variability experienced in the region over the last 1000 years.Item Metadata only A 25,000-year record of environmental change from Welsby Lagoon, North Stradbroke Island, in the Australian subtropics(Elsevier, 2017) Barr, C.; Tibby, J.; Moss, P.; Halverson, G.; Marshall, J.; McGregor, G.; Stirling, E.There are few continuous Australian palaeoclimate records that extend beyond the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), meaning that knowledge of regional climates before, during and after this period is limited. Understanding late-Pleistocene climates of the subtropics is important because of the fundamental role the region plays in the large-scale, global transfer of energy from low latitudes. Palaeoclimate studies of subtropical regions can help define the extent of warming/cooling during the large global climatic events which characterise the late-Pleistocene. Here we report the results from a multi-proxy analysis of a sediment record from Welsby Lagoon on North Stradbroke Island, in the eastern Australian subtropics, spanning the past ca. 25,000 years. Stable C and N isotope analysis and high resolution contiguous records of macrocharcoal deposition and sediment organic content are interpreted in conjunction with a previously published pollen record. Sediment organic content displayed a very strong correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) content as determined through elemental analysis and, given the peaty nature of the sediment, is interpreted as indicative of moisture balance. The proxies reflect wet subtropical climates in the lead up to the LGM which led to an expansion of the wetland. This was followed by a cool, dry and windy LGM (ca. 22.3–19.7'000 years before present; kyr BP), which was punctuated by a brief wet phase ca. 21.7–20.4 kyr BP. A salient feature of the deglacial period is a rapid increase in TOC around 15 kyr BP, coincident with the Antarctic Cold Reversal and Bølling-Allerød warm phase. Increased fire frequency is evident in the Holocene, which is characterised by otherwise stable climate and vegetation. This study supports the notion of variable climates during the LGM and finds an onset of deglacial warming in the Australian subtropics that predates the Holocene.Item Metadata only A biophysical model for the formation of late Pleistocene valley-fills in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia(Royal Geographical Society of South Australia, 2008) Williams, M.; Adamson, D.There are scattered remnants of Mesozoic and Cainozoic deposits flanking the arid Flinders Ranges of South Australia but within the massif proper the most widespread Cainozoic deposits are the dominantly silty clay Late Pleistocene valley-fills, the most recent of which accumulated from -35 000 until -15 000 years ago (35-15 ka). Such valley-fills are not accumulating today. The valley-fills have been variously interpreted as fluviatile, lacustrine or wetland deposits. Among the questions raised by these deposits are the respective former roles of winter and summer rainfall, the influence of lower glacial temperatures and evaporation, the contributions from loess, the effect of past variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide on plant cover, the abrupt nature of post-depositional incision, evidence for episodic flooding during the Last Glacial Maximum between -24 ka and -18 ka, the entrapment and reworking of loess slope mantles, and the influence of higher regional ground-water levels. This paper puts forward a simple, speculative and integrated biophysical model that takes into account each of these factors and is able to account for the formation of fine-grained Late Pleistocene valley-fills in this presently arid region.Item Restricted A brief political history of South Australian agriculture(Cambridge University Press, 2015) Fielke, S.; Bardsley, D.This paper aims to explain why South Australian agricultural land use is focused on continually increasing productivity, when the majority of produce is exported, at the long-term expense of agriculturally-based communities and the environment. A historical analysis of literature relevant to the agricultural development of South Australia is used chronologically to report aspects of the industry that continue to cause concerns in the present day. The historically dominant capitalist socio-economic system and ‘anthropocentric’ world views of farmers, politicians, and key stakeholders have resulted in detrimental social, environmental and political outcomes. Although recognition of the environmental impacts of agricultural land use has increased dramatically since the 1980s, conventional productivist, export oriented farming still dominates the South Australian landscape. A combination of market oriented initiatives and concerned producers are, however, contributing to increasing the recognition of the environmental and social outcomes of agricultural practice and it is argued here that South Australia has the opportunity to value multifunctional land use more explicitly via innovative policy.Item Metadata only A chironomid-inferred summer temperature reconstruction from subtropical Australia during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the last deglaciation(Elsevier, 2015) Chang, J.; Shulmeister, J.; Woodward, C.; Steinberger, L.; Tibby, J.; Barr, C.Abstract not available.Item Open Access A computational method for rapid orthographic photography of lake sediment cores(Springer, 2022) Ankor, M.J.; Tyler, J.J.Photographs of sediment cores are an important dataset, often containing visual evidence for environmental change via sediment composition and structure. These photographs may be used to stratigraphically correlate adjacent cores or for automated image analysis, and can facilitate collaboration amongst researchers through sharing and annotation of the image files. Here we describe the use of computational photogrammetry (also known as Structure from Motion–Multi-View Stereo) to generate orthographic imagery of sediment cores. Computational photogrammetry is a rapid and economical technique, typically requiring only a few minutes for each metre of core, using consumer-grade digital camera equipment. The photogrammetric methodology corrects for topographic distortion caused by sediment surfaces that are not perfectly flat, and can also record features of the scene surrounding the core, such as notes, colour reference cards and measurement tapes or rulers. As the photogrammetric process also generates a three-dimensional reconstruction of the sediment core, spatial-based analysis can be used to identify damaged or non-representative sections of the core that are to be avoided during image analysis. Using an intermittently laminated sediment core from Lake Surprise, Australia, we tested 22 scenarios using control points in a variety of configurations, as well as calibrated and uncalibrated cameras, to identify techniques that can reconstruct the core accurately and generate orthophotos. Multiple techniques were able to achieve suitable accuracy. In particular, targets placed on the table alongside the core, combined with a calibrated camera, achieved high accuracy and enabled a simple, rapid, and repeatable method for generating high-quality sediment core images.Item Metadata only A Constructivist Approach to Climate Change Teaching and Learning(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia, 2007) Bardsley, D.; Bardsley, A.It is now broadly acknowledged that climate change due to an enhanced Greenhouse Effect is underway and such change will have major implications for our societies and environments. This paper outlines a pedagogical approach devised to encourage learning and critical thinking about climate change. A constructivist approach to teaching and learning is applied to stimulate analysis of potential impacts of climate change on systems familiar to secondary school students in South Australia. The problem-based method guides students through a conceptualisation of the implications of environmental change. Students at Woodcroft College, when given the opportunity to examine the potential climate change impacts on a local coastal ecosystem, found the method to be both challenging and engaging. The exercise concluded with students discussing possible personal behavioural and broader societal responses to reduce the impacts of future climate change. The paper contends that such teaching to support students to become resilient young adults will be vital in a future world of environmental riskItem Metadata only A critical review of rural medical workforce retention in Australia(Australian Healthcare Association, 2001) Humphreys, J.; Jones, J.; Jones, M.; Hugo, G.; Bamford, E.; Taylor, D.The problem of how best to recruit and retain doctors in rural and remote communities has led governments to adopt a range of medical workforce incentives, including retention grants. A comprehensive literature survey suggests that medical workforce retention has been poorly distinguished from other supply issues such as recruitment, and that its determinants and the process leading to retention are poorly understood. Such a knowledge gap is likely to limit the effectiveness of retention incentives. This article reports the results of this literature review, and advances a conceptual framework as the basis for ongoing research and evaluating how best to deliver effective retention interventions.Item Metadata only A demographic view of changing youth in Asia(UNESCO Publishing, 2005) Hugo, G.; Gale, F.; Fahey, S.Item Metadata only A diatom species index for bioassessment of Australian rivers(C S I R O Publishing, 2007) Chessman, B.; Bate, N.; Gell, P.; Newall, P.The Diatom Index for Australian Rivers (DIAR), originally developed at the genus level, was reformulated at the species level with data from diatom sampling of rivers in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Victoria. The resulting Diatom Species Index for Australian Rivers (DSIAR) was significantly correlated with the ARCE (Assessment of River Condition, Environment) index developed in the Australian National Land and Water Resources Audit (NLWRA), and with nine of the ARCE’s constituent indices and sub-indices, across 395 river reaches in south-eastern Australia. These correlations were generally stronger than those shown by the biological index that was used to assess river condition in the NLWRA, the ARCB (Assessment of River Condition, Biota) index based on macroinvertebrates and the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS). At a finer spatial scale, DSIAR was strongly and significantly correlated with measures of catchment urbanisation for streams in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria. DSIAR scores across south-eastern Australia bore little relationship to the latitude, longitude or altitude of sampling sites, suggesting that DSIAR is not greatly affected by macro-geographical position. In addition, DSIAR scores did not vary greatly among small-scale hydraulic environments within a site. DSIAR appears to have potential as a broad-scale indicator of human influences on Australian rivers, especially the effects of agricultural and urban land use, and also for impact studies at a local scale. Further evaluation is warranted to test the sensitivity of the index to natural variables such as catchment geology, and to assess its performance in northern, western and inland Australia.Item Metadata only A discussion for problems and strategies of land management in Chengdu(1999) Tan, Y.立足成都,揭示其土地管理工作中存在的问题及其体制性根源;提出更合理利用土地、更高效管理土地的对策建议,对加强土地管理提供科学依据.Item Metadata only A geospatial visualisation and chronological study of a late Pleistocene fluvial wetland surface in the semi-arid Flinders Ranges, South Australia(Elsevier Science BV, 2010) Glasby, P.; O' Flaherty, A.; Williams, M.The semi arid Flinders Ranges of South Australia contain abundant remnants of fine-grained late Pleistocene valley fills. We have mapped these deposits using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GNSS and topographic surveying techniques for data acquisition and integrate the surveyed data in a geographical information system (GIS) to interpolate a 3-dimensional palaeo-surface representing the uppermost remnant sediments of the late Pleistocene floodplain. Our analysis of sedimentary and landscape profiles indicates a continuous surface and consistent westward slope suggesting that the remnants present today are still largely consistent with the original alluvial surface. In addition, secondary levels are identified and interpreted. Integration of the geospatial landscape characterisation with chronologies from selected sites, microfossil and stable isotope data provides new evidence for the timing, rates of aggradation and mode of deposition of the late Pleistocene fine-grained valley fill formation. The use of GIS for 2-D and 3-D data management, analysis and visualisation provides a visual and quantitative model of landscape changes and helps to clarify how the valley fill deposits accumulated.Item Metadata only A global labor market: Factors motivating the sponsorship and temporary migration of skilled workers to Australia(Center Migration Studies, 2007) Khoo, S.; McDonald, P.; Voigt-Graf, C.; Hugo, G.The recruitment of skilled foreign workers is becoming increasingly important to many industrialized countries. This paper examines the factors motivating the sponsorship and temporary migration of skilled workers to Australia under the temporary business entry program, a new development in Australia's migration policy. The importance of labor demand in the destination country in stimulating skilled temporary migration is clearly demonstrated by the reasons given by employers in the study while the reasons indicated by skilled temporary migrants for coming to work in Australia show the importance of both economic and non-economic factors in motivating skilled labor migration.Item Metadata only A greater Australia: population, policies and governance(Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 2012) Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences; Pincus, J.; Hugo, G.; National Centre for Social Applications of GIS (GISCA)Item Metadata only A Guugu Yimmithir Bam Wii: Ngawiya and Girrbithi: Hunting, planning and management along the Great Barrier Reef, Australia(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Nursey-Bray, M.The integration of Indigenous cultural rights with biodiversity protection can be explored in multiple dimensions and occupy contested grounds. This paper outlines the results of a research project that applied discourse analysis as both a theoretical and methodological tool to examine the power and knowledge relations within a case study of the development of a turtle and dugong hunting management plan by the Hope Vale Aboriginal Community in northern Australia. This paper reports on the results of this analysis and shows how multiple binaries exist within and between the different actors in a resource management problem. Findings show that contested constructions of the environment are hugely influential to the success or failure of natural resource management endeavours. The ontological frames that are adopted in supporting Indigenous peoples to manage their land and seas must be understood, otherwise there is a risk of reinforcing the very binaries that need to be avoided.Item Metadata only A history of aquatic plants in the Coorong, a Ramsar-listed coastal wetland, South Australia(Kluwer Academic Publ, 2011) Dick, J.; Haynes, D.; Tibby, J.; Garcia, A.; Gell, P.The Coorong in South Australia is an internationally recognised ecologically significant coastal lagoon that extends 140 km south-east from the mouth of the River Murray. The Coorong has increasingly been impacted by a variety of human activities. Declining migratory bird abundance has been linked to the loss of Ruppia tuberosa, an aquatic plant that is the main feedstock for a wide variety of water birds. Analysis of Ruppia remains from a radiometrically dated core in the southern lagoon of The Coorong shows that the salt-tolerant annual Ruppia tuberosa has only been present at this site in recent times. By contrast, the perennial Ruppia megacarpa, which has limited tolerance to elevated salinity, appears to have been present at the site for several millennia, although it had never been observed in ecological surveys of this part of The Coorong. Diatom analysis from the same core reveals a shift from estuarine/marine assemblages to an assemblage reflective of elevated salinity levels. Charophyte, ostracod and foraminifera remains also indicate that the change in the aquatic plant community is associated with increased salinity at the study site since European settlement. Elevated salinity is the result of catchment modifications which have reduced freshwater inflows at the northern and southern extremities of The Coorong, and marine input via the Murray Mouth. This study demonstrates the utility of multiproxy palaeoecological data in addressing complex management questions. In the absence of such information, managers must ultimately rely on data sourced only from the historical record which, more often than not, is already skewed by the impact of European settlement.