Institute for Mineral and Energy Resources publications
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Item Restricted Potential for SA in additional processing of SA's minerals deposits(Centre for Global Food and Resources (GFAR) and Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Resources (ISER), 2022) Wagner, L.; Chinnici, A.; Spandler, C.; Cook, N.; Saw, W.; Nathan, G.; Goodsite, M.; South Australian Productivity CommissionItem Metadata only Urban air quality: Sources and concentrations(Springer, 2021) Goodsite, M.E.; Hertel, O.; Johnson, M.S.; Jørgensen, N.R.; Goodsite, M.E.; Johnson, M.S.; Hertel, O.Item Metadata only Compressional intracontinental orogens: ancient and modern perspectives(Elsevier B.V., 2014) Raimondo, T.; Hand, M.; Collins, W.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only A duality of timescales: short-lived ultrahigh temperature metamorphism preserving a long-lived monazite growth history in the Grenvillian Musgrave-Albany-Fraser Orogen(Elsevier, 2015) Tucker, N.; Hand, M.; Kelsey, D.; Dutch, R.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only Influence of particle size and contact angle on the flotation of chalcopyrite in a laboratory batch flotation cell(Elsevier, 2011) Muganda, S.; Zanin, M.; Grano, S.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only The dependency of the critical contact angle for flotation on particle size - Modelling the limits of fine particle flotation(Elsevier, 2011) Chipfunhu, D.; Zanin, M.; Grano, S.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only Heat flow data from the southeast of South Australia: distribution and implications for the relationship between current heat flow and the Newer Volcanics Province(Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2013) Matthews, C.; Beardsmore, G.; Driscoll, J.; Pollington, N.This paper presents the results of 34 new heat flow estimates taken in 2004 from 16 water bores and 18 petroleum exploration wells in the western Otway Basin. The average estimated heat flow measured across the study area is 65.6 ± 9.4 mW/m2, with a range of 42–90 mW/m2. There are three recognisable sectors within the study area where heat flow is slightly elevated relative to the background levels. These sectors can be broadly classified as Mount Schank (73.5 ± 0.5 mW/m2), Mount Burr (71.2 ± 7.6 mW/m2) and Beachport (78.3 ± 10.4 mW/m2). Thermal conductivity values for each unit involved in heat flow estimation were determined from laboratory measurements on representative core using a divided bar apparatus. Borehole thermal conductivity profiles were then developed in this study by assigning a constant value of conductivity to each geological formation. The process of collecting temperature data involved measuring temperature profiles for 16 water bores using a cable, winch and thermistor, and compiling well completion temperature data from 18 petroleum wells. The precision of temperature data was higher in the water bores (continuous logs) than in the petroleum wells (largely bottom-of-hole temperature estimates). Inversion heat flow modelling suggests heterogeneous heat flow at 6000 m depth, with two zones where vertical heat flow might exceed 90 mW/m2, and several zones where vertical heat flow might be as low as 40 mW/m2. Therefore, while slightly higher surface heat flow does coincide with some of the volcanic centres, heterogeneous basement heat production is a more likely explanation, as there are no heat flow anomalies greater than 5–10 mW/m2 associated with the Pleistocene–Recent Newer Volcanics Province. The distribution of heat flow in south-east South Australia is most simply explained by non-volcanic phenomena.Item Metadata only Effects of surface functional groups of activated carbon on adsorption of triclosan from aqueous solution(Inderscience Publishers, 2009) Fang, S.; Pendleton, P.; Badalyan, A.; Environmental Research Event (ERE) (10 Dec 2006 : Sydney)We report adsorption of triclosan by using activated carbons as a potential method to improve the discharge water purification process. Commercially available activated carbons, P1300, Picazine HP and Hydrodarco C, display different levels of affinity for triclosan from aqueous solution. Surface chemistry of these adsorbents were modified via reduction, oxidation and nitridation, to improve and better understand the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity was greatly influenced by surface group changes, with a decrease in relative affinity on oxidation. Nitridation enhanced the amounts adsorbed over the thermally reduced samples. Surface analysis via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) helped us identify the introduced surface functional group changes. Overall, nitridation resulted in an increased basic character of the surface exploiting the Lewis acidic nature of triclosan when it is dissolved in solution. The surface chemistry modified adsorbents suggest that adsorption from solution is a viable methodology for triclosan control during wastewater treatment.Item Metadata only Quantifying rheological and fine particle attachment contributions to coarse particle recovery in flotation(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Xu, D.; Ametov, I.; Grano, S.This study focused on the flotation behaviour of very coarse quartz particles in the presence of fine silica and alumina, both of which were used as pulp viscosity modifiers. A decrease in the contact angle of the coarse quartz particles, caused by the attachment of fine particles was believed to be the principal mechanism accounting for the noted depression. Only small surface coverage of attached fine particles may dramatically decrease the quartz particle recovery because the flotation behaviour of the coarse particles was very sensitive to particle hydrophobicity, e.g. less than 5% surface coverage is able to decrease the contact of particles from 83°to 81°and causes a decrease in recovery from 60% to 20%. The effect of removing the fine particles from the pulp, by the process known as desliming, on the flotation behaviour of coarse quartz particles was also investigated. The results showed that desliming is beneficial for the recovery of coarse quartz particles. Furthermore, the recovery of coarse quartz particles attached with fine particles can be restored by conducting flotation in high viscosity medium where glycerol was used as the viscosity modifier. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Metadata only Diagenetic and epigenetic alteration of Cretaceous to Paleogene organic rich sedimentary successions in northwestern Jordan, typical of the western margin of the Arabian Plate(Gulf Petrolink, 2009) Dill, H.; Kus, J.; Abed, A.; Sachsenhofer, R.; Abul Khair, H.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesItem Metadata only Hydrocarbon prospectivity of Al-Sirhan Basin, southeast Jordan(University of Jordan, 2008) Abul Khair, H.; Abed, A.; Amireh, B.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesAl-Sirhan area in southeast Jordan is studied for its hydrocarbon potentiality.Petrophysical studies including porosity,permeability,water saturation,and hydrocarbon saturation are done using wire line logs for candidate reservoirs.Total organic carbon analysis is done for two candidate source intervals.Seismic investigation is also done using seventeen seismic sections that cover almost the central and eastern part of the area.Finally,closures, reserves,and proposed migration pathways of hydrocarbons are studied in order to assess the hydrocarbon potentiality of the study area. Within the Cambrian sequence,Salib Formation is found to contain good porosity due to partial dissolution of feldspars,very low permeability,and high water saturation.This formation is capped by the shales of the overlying Burj Formation.Possible source rock is the carbonates of the Burj Formation.Several types of closures with good capacities exist within the Salib Formation.The major risks,when considering Salib Formation as a target for petroleum exploration,are low TOC content of the source rock,low permeability and high water content of the reservoir rock. Within the Ordovician and Silurian sequence,the glacially deposited Trebeel Formation is found to contain good porosity,low permeability,and low water saturation.This formation is caped by the shales of the overlying Batra Formation.Several intervals contain good source rocks within this system.These are the shales of Sahl as Suwwan Formation,the shale layers at the upper part of Umm Tarifa Formation,and the shales of the overlying Batra Formation.TOC analysis in the present study proved that Hiswa Formation might be considered good source rock.Organic carbon analysis carried by several petroleum companies indicated the high TOC content of the lower part of Batra Formation and the upper shale layers of Umm Tarifa Formation (Paleoservices,1989). Several types of closures are found within Trebeel Formation.All the main closures were tested by wells and found to be almost dry.Thus,the major risks when considering Trebeel Formation as a target for petroleum explorations,are the low permeability of the reservoir rock, and the lack of potential untested closures. The only way that might cause filling the closures of the study area with hydrocarbons is from the source rocks within the Al-Sirhan Graben in Saudi Arabia.As the graben formed deeper depositional environment during the Paleozoic Era,better source conditions exist within the graben.Thus,hydrocarbons might be generated in the graben and migrated through the Jordanian borders to reach Al-Sirhan closures which exist at higher elevations. This scenario forms high risk as the pathway is interrupted by several growth faults that provide possible paths for hydrocarbons to escape to the surface.Accordingly,the study area is classified as high risk area for petroleum exploration.Item Metadata only Mesoporous silica synthesis in sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide(Korean Inst Chem Engineers, 2010) Chun, B.; Pendleton, P.; Badalyan, A.; Park, S.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesMesoporous silicas were synthesized from sodium silicate (Na₂Si₃O₇) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with Pluronic F127 (polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide, EO₁₀₆PO₇₀EO₁₀₆) triblock copolymer using sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide (SubCO₂ and SCO₂) respectively, as solvents. Templates were removed using liquid carbon dioxide (LCO₂) and SCO₂. The most efficient template removal was achieved by LCO₂ − 92.7% (w/w), followed by LCO₂ with ethanol entrainer − 85.6% (w/w), and by methanol − 78.8% (w/w). The best efficiency of template removal by SCO₂ was 50.7%. Values of specific surface areas, ABET, were increased by 10% with the increase of an ageing time from 6 to 24 hours for Na₂Si₃O₇-based silicas at aqueous synthesis conditions, whereas the use of SCO₂ reduced this value by 19.4%. For TEOS-based silicas synthesized using SCO₂, A BET values increased by 3.8 times. Application of SCO₂ for synthesis of TEOS-based silicas resulted in higher mesopore volumes of 0.719 and 1.241 mL/g with an average mesopore width varying from 3.4 to 3.9 nm. Although Na₂Si₃O₇-based silicas have almost similar mesopore width range, their mesopore volumes were 7 times less than those for TEOS-based silicas. Formation of mesopores in Na₂Si₃O₇- and TEOS-based silicas was at the expense of micropores when synthesized in SCO₂.Item Metadata only On-line free-chlorine/total-chlorine monitors' evaluation - a step towards a correct choice of residual disinfectant monitor(IWA Publishing, 2009) Badalyan, A.; Buff, J.; Holmes, M.; Chow, C.; Vitanage, D.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesA number of commercially available on-line disinfection residual analysers were evaluated using a test rig under laboratory conditions. The methodology used for this trial was based on the following two standards: ISO Standard 15839 (2003), “Water Quality – On-line sensors/analysing equipment for water – Specifications and performance tests” and ISO 8466-1 (1990), and “Water Quality – Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods and estimation of performance characteristics. Part 1: Statistical evaluation of the linear calibration function”. The assessment of each analyser involved the determination of a set of performance characteristics including response delay, rise and fall times, linearity, limit of quantification and day–to-day repeatability. The effects of likely interferences were also covered. Results obtained from this trial for two total chlorine monitors were compared with the technical specifications as supplied by their respective manufacturers. This study concludes that persons responsible for instrument procurement should be cautious when relying only on manufacturers' technical specification claims. A more informed selection can be made by undertaking an evaluation study similar to the one described in this paper, as this will confirm the performance of a monitor under particular operating conditions. In general, residual disinfectant monitors utilising the colorimetric measurement method showed better performance than those employing amperometric/polarographic methods.Item Metadata only Assessment of chloramination control strategy based on free-ammonia concentration(IWA Publishing, 2009) Motzko, S.; Fabris, R.; Badalyan, A.; Henderson, R.; Chow, C.; Vitanage, D.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesA new approach of using free-ammonia measurements as the basis of a control strategy to optimise a chloraminated water distribution system was tested in a laboratory evaluation. A test rig with a newly developed low level on-line free-ammonia analyser was constructed to investigate two different control configurations, the currently used feedback and the proposed feedforward. The results of this trial showed that only using the free-ammonia analyser for feedback control is not ideal due to its inability to detect chlorine overdosing situations. Better results regarding the maximum yield of disinfectant residuals when using the feedforward configuration were observed, and free-ammonia concentrations below 0.065 mg/L were consistently achieved.Item Metadata only Analysis of uncertainties in manometric gas-adsorption measurements II: Uncertainty in alpha S-analyses and pore volumes(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2008) Badalyan, A.; Pendleton, P.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesWe describe procedures to propagate the uncertainty in adsorption data and alpha(S)-values to generate uncertainty in apparent primary, secondary, and total micropore volumes for porous activated carbons exhibiting Type I and IV character. The alpha(S)-data are interpolated from selected non-porous reference material (NPRM) adsorption isotherm data with some adsorbents exhibiting surface chemistry quite different from and some similar to that of the porous adsorbents (PA). We show that a statistically constant apparent total micropore volume can be determined independent of the NPRM surface chemistry. In contrast, NPRM surface chemistry appears to influence our ability to identify unequivocally the filling and condensation ranges of micropore filling, leading to statistically different apparent primary and secondary micropore volumes.Item Metadata only An assessment of activated carbon cloth microporosity change due to chemical activation(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010) Badalyan, A.; Bromball, R.; Pendleton, P.; Skinner, W.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesControlled modification of micropore volumes of samples from the FM1-series of activated carbon cloth can be achieved via selective oxidation: strong caustic treatment leads to an increase in volume, while peroxydisulfate treatment leads to a decrease in volume. Pore volume increases are determined to be due to inorganic content leaching, determined via XPS analyses, developing small primary micropores for the least activated carbon cloth (FM1/250) and a widening of the pore width for the most activated carbon cloth (FM1/700). All cloths exhibited Type I nitrogen adsorption isotherms both prior to and post oxidative treatment. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Metadata only Characterization of the Khamaseen (spring) dust in Jordan(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Abed, A.; Al Kuisi, M.; Abul Khair, H.Item Metadata only Free chlorine analysers: a user's selection guide(Australian Water Association Inc, 2009) Badalyan, A.; Holmes, M.; Chow, C.; Vitanage, D.Selecting new instrumentation for integration into water quality monitoring programs is fraught with uncertainties and potential pitfalls. An evaluation methodology for assisting water managers and operators to make the correct choice of an online free chlorine (FC) analyser based on key performance parameters is presented. Eight amperometric and one colorimetric online FC monitors were evaluated against 15 metrological parameters (response, delay, rise and fall times, linearity, limit of quantification, day-to-day repeatability, the effect of interferences, etc.) according to the procedure outlined in the two standards: ISO Standards 8466-1 (1990) and 15839 (2003). The test results were compared with the analysers' technical characteristics supplied by their manufacturers. In general, colorimetric systems performed better than amperometric systems, with the latter experiencing significant interference from the pH of water which was not adjusted during tests. All analysers performed within manufacturers' claimed limits for some metrological parameters, whereas for other parameters their performance was not adequate. It is strongly encouraged to perform evaluation tests under conditions similar to those in the field before purchasing a monitor.Item Metadata only Flotation behaviour of fine particles with respect to contact angle(Inst Chemical Engineers, 2012) Chipfunhu, D.; Zanin, M.; Grano, S.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesThe flotation behaviour of methylated quartz particles of different size, but within the size range from 0.2 to 50μm, and varying contact angle, was probed in a mechanical flotation cell. Results suggest that particles of a given size need to possess a minimum critical contact angle (θ crit) for flotation to occur. This behaviour is shown not to be solely dependent on fine particles having lower collision efficiency with bubbles, but rather due to a combination of low collision efficiency and particles not having enough kinetic energy at collision with bubbles to form the three phase line of contact and initiate the attachment process. In the particle size range investigated, the critical contact angle increases with a decrease in particle size. © 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.Item Metadata only Benchmarking the flotation performance of ores(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Muganda, S.; Zanin, M.; Grano, S.; Institute for Mineral and Energy ResourcesA porphyry copper ore containing chalcopyrite as the principal copper bearing mineral, and pyrite as the only other sulphide mineral, was treated in batch flotation tests under well defined physical conditions. The size-by-size flotation response was benchmarked against established calibration curves to infer an operational contact angle of the sulphide minerals as a function of particle size. The inferred operational contact angle values of the sulphide minerals were validated by independent measurements of contact angle on the concentrates and, in the case of chalcopyrite, by an indirect approach using Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Recovery, flotation rate, and inferred operational contact angle increased with collector addition across all size fractions, with the intermediate and coarse size fractions benefitting the most from increased collector addition. The directly measured and inferred operational contact angles were in reasonable agreement, with an R 2 value of 0.7 across all size fractions. There was good agreement between the advancing contact angle values determined using ToF-SIMS and those calculated from direct contact angle measurement on the 53-75 μm size fraction for the case of chalcopyrite. A method for benchmarking flotation response has been developed, which may lead to better flotation process diagnostics and modelling. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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