2009 - Pushing the limits
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Item Open Access The Global Prevalence and Severity of Dental Caries among Racially Minoritized Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(Karger Publishers, 2023) Nath, S.; Sethi, S.; Bastos, J.L.; Constante, H.M.; Mejia, G.; Haag, D.; Kapellas, K.; Jamieson, L.Racially minoritized children often bear a greater burden of dental caries, but the overall magnitude of racial gaps in oral health and their underlying factors are unknown. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to fill these knowledge gaps. We compared racially minoritized (E) children aged 5–11 years (P) with same-age privileged groups (C) to determine the magnitude and correlates of racial inequities in dental caries (O) in observational studies (S). Using the PICOS selection criteria, a targeted search was performed from inception to December 1, 2021, in nine major electronic databases and an online web search for additional grey literature. The primary outcome measures were caries severity, as assessed by mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) among children and untreated dental caries prevalence (d > 0%). The meta-analysis used the random-effects model to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analysis, tests for heterogeneity (I², Galbraith plot), leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, cumulative analysis, and publication bias (Egger’s test and funnel plots) tests were carried out. The New Castle Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias. This review was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021282771. A total of 75 publications were included in the descriptive analysis. The SMD of dmft score was higher by 2.30 (95%CI: 0.45, 4.15), and the prevalence of untreated dental caries was 23% (95% CI: 16, 31) higher among racially minoritized children, compared to privileged groups. Cumulative analysis showed worsening caries outcomes for racially marginalized children over time and larger inequities in dmft among high-income countries. Our study highlights the high caries burden among minoritized children globally by estimating overall trends and comparing against factors including time, country, and world income. The large magnitude of these inequities, combined with empirical evidence on the oral health impacts of racism and other forms of oppression, reinforce that oral health equity can only be achieved with social and political changes at a global level.Item Open Access Crosstalk between Dpp and Tor signaling coordinates autophagy-dependent midgut degradation(Nature Publishing Group, 2019) Denton, D.; Xu, T.; Dayan, S.; Nicolson, S.; Kumar, S.The majority of developmentally programmed cell death (PCD) is mediated by caspase-dependent apoptosis; however, additional modalities, including autophagy-dependent cell death, have important spatiotemporally restricted functions. Autophagy involves the engulfment of cytoplasmic components in a double membrane vesicle for delivery to the lysosome. An established model for autophagy-dependent PCD is Drosophila larval midgut removal during metamorphosis. Our previous work demonstrated that growth arrest is required to initiate autophagy-dependent midgut degradation and Target of rapamycin (Tor) limits autophagy induction. In further studies, we uncovered a role for Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in coordinating midgut degradation. Here, we provide new data to show that Dpp interacts with Tor during midgut degradation. Inhibiting Tor rescued the block in midgut degradation due to Dpp signaling. We propose that Dpp is upstream of Tor and down-regulation promotes growth arrest and autophagy-dependent midgut degradation. These findings underscore a relationship between Dpp and Tor signaling in the regulation of cell growth and tissue removal.Item Open Access QCD evolution of the spin structure functions of the neutron and proton(American Physical Society, 1990) Schreiber, A.W.; Thomas, A.W.; Londergan, J.T.Models of the long-distance behavior of QCD can be used to make predictions for the twist-two piece of the current correlation function appearing in deep-inelastic scattering. The connection between the model predictions, valid at a four-momentum transfer squared Q2 of the order of 1 (GeV/c)2, and the data, collected at much higher Q2, is provided by perturbative QCD. We present here the details of a method, previously used for spin-averaged lepton scattering, applied to the spin-dependent case. We then use the method to make predictions for the spin structure functions gprotonl and gneutronl.Item Open Access The place of work in a meaningful life(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Stott Despoja, Natasha; Megalogenis, George; Blackburn, SimonAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Basil Hetzel Lecture Room, University of Adelaide, 3.00pm, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Barbara Pocock.Item Open Access Beyond Evolution(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Singh, Simon; McCalman, Iain; Lazcano, Antonio; Webb, ValAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, 3.00pm, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Ian Gibbins.Item Open Access You’re disgusting! Shaming mechanisms in different cultures(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Gaita, Raimond; Hussein, Shakira; Schiebinger, Londa; Gelber, KatherineAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Bonython Hall, University of Adelaide, 3.00pm, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Robert Phiddian.Item Open Access Darwin’s Armada: Pushing the intellectual boundaries from academe to trade book and TV series(Radio Adelaide, 2009) McCalman, IainAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Art Gallery Auditorium, Art Gallery of South Australia, 1.45pm, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Margaret Anderson.Item Open Access Reach for the stars: New directions in astronomy(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Webster, RachelAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Basil Hetzel Lecture Room, University of Adelaide, 1.45pm, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Duncan Steele.Item Open Access Life: its origin and evolution(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Lazcano, AntonioAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, 1.45pm, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Chris Burrell.Item Open Access Joy MacLennan Oration – The idea of absolute value(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Gaita, RaimondAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Bonython Hall, University of Adelaide, 1.45pm, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Lyn Arnold.Item Open Access You are not your brain scan!(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Mitchell, NatashaAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Art Gallery Auditorium, Art Gallery of South Australia, 11.4am, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Peter Mares.Item Open Access The first and last century of global drug prohibition(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Wodak, AlexAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Basil Hetzel Lecture Room, University of Adelaide, 11.45am, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Rick Sarre.Item Open Access Climate change beyond the city limits?(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Denniss, Richard; Mackey, Brendan; Miller, SuzanneAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, 11:45am, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Carol Vincent.Item Open Access Talking in Tongues – the hopes and fears of interfaith dialogue(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Webb, Val; Bouma, Gary; Hussein, ShikaraAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Bonython Hall, University of Adelaide, 11.45am, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Rev. Stephen Pickard.Item Open Access Has corporate responsibility reached its limits?(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Shergold, PeterAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Art Gallery Auditorium, Art Gallery of South Australia, 10.30am, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Michael Barber.Item Open Access Pushing the limits of a one-milligram brain: Vision, perception and ‘cognition’ in honeybees(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Srinivasan, MandyamAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Basil Hetzel Lecture Room, University of Adelaide, 10.30am, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Ian Gibbins.Item Open Access Why migrant smuggling pays(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Koser, KhalidAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, 10:30am, Sunday 12th July, 2009. Chaired by Peter Mares.Item Open Access Trick or Treatment? Alternative medicine on trial(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Singh, SimonAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Bonython Hall, University of Adelaide, 10:30 am, Sunday 12th July 2009. Chaired by Duncan Steel.Item Open Access Where do big ideas come from?(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Adams, Phillip; Petty, Bruce; Singh, Simon; Lazcano, Antonio; Webster, RachelAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, 8.10pm, Thursday 9th July, 2009. Chaired by Phillip Adams.Item Open Access Phillip Adams to welcome the audience and acknowledge the Dedication to Frank Fenner(Radio Adelaide, 2009) Adams, PhillipAdelaide Festival of Ideas session, Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, 8.00pm, Thursday 9 July, 2009.