Psychiatry publications
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Item Open Access Mental Health Prevalence, Mental Health and Wellbeing Transition Study(Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 2018) Van Hooff, M.; Lawrence-Wood, E.; Hodson, S.; Sadler, N.; Benassi, H.; Hansen, C.; Grace, B.; Avery, J.C.; Searle, A.; Iannos, M.; Abraham, M.; Baur, J.; McFarlane, A.; Department of Defence and the Department of Veterans’ AffairsItem Open Access Pathways to Care, Mental Health and Wellbeing Study(Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 2018) Forbes, D.; Van Hooff, M.; Lawrence-Wood, E.; Sadler, N.; Hodson, S.; Benassi, H.; Hansen, C.; Avery, J.C.; Varker, T.; O'Donnell, M.; Phelps,, A.; Frederickson, J.; Sharp, M.; Searle, A.; McFarlane, A.; Department of Defence and the Department of Veterans’ AffairsItem Open Access Mental Health Prevalence and Pathways to Care Summary Report, Mental Health and Wellbeing Study(Department of Veterans' Affairs, 2018) Van Hooff, M.; Forbes, D.; Lawrence-Wood, E.; Hodson, S.; Sadler, N.; Benassi, H.; Hansen, C.; Avery, J.C.; Searle, A.; Varker, T.; O'Donnell, M.; Phelps, A.; Frederickson, J.; Sharp, M.; McFarlane, A.; Department of Defence and the Department of Veterans’ AffairsItem Open Access Mental health in the Australian Defence Force: 2010 ADF Mental Health and Wellbeing Study: Full Report(Department of Defence, 2011) McFarlane, A.C.; Hodson, S.E.; Van Hooff, M.; Davies, C.; Department of DefenceItem Open Access Mental Health in the Australian Defence Force - 2010 ADF Mental Health Prevalence and Wellbeing Study: Executive Report(Department of Defence, 2011) Hodson, S.; McFarlane, A.; Van Hooff, M.; Davies, C.; Australian Government Department of DefenceItem Open Access Technology Use and Wellbeing Report: Mental Health and Wellbeing Study(The Department of Veterans' Affairs, 2019) Burns, J.; Van Hooff, M.; Lawrence-Wood, E.; Benassi, H.; Sadler, N.; Hodson, S.; Hansen, C.; Avery, J.C.; Searle, A.; Iannos, M.; Abraham, M.; Baur, J.; McFarlane, A.; Department of Defence and the Department of Veterans’ AffairsItem Open Access Technology Use and Wellbeing Summary Report: Mental Health and Wellbeing Study(Department of Veterans Affairs, 2019) Burns, J.; Van Hooff, M.; Lawrence-Wood, E.; Avery, J.C.; Benassi, H.; Sadler, N.; Hodson, S.; Hansen, C.; Searle, A.; Ionnas, M.; Abraham, M.; Baur, J.; McFarlane, A.; Department of Defence and the Department of Veterans AffairsItem Open Access Mental Health Changes Over Time: a Longitudinal Perspective: Summary Report: Mental Health and Wellbeing Transition Study(Department of Veterans' Affairs, 2019) Bryant, R.; Lawrence-Wood, E.R.; Baur, J.; McFarlane, A.; Hodson, S.; Sadler, N.; Benassi, H.; Howell, S.; Abraham, M.; Iannos, M.E.; Hansen, C.; Searle, A.K.; Van Hooff, M.; Australian Government Department of Defence and Department of Veterans' AffairsItem Open Access Mental Health Changes Over Time: a Longitudinal Perspective: Mental Health and Wellbeing Transition Study(Department of Veterans' Affairs, 2019) Bryant, R.; Lawrence-Wood, E.R.; Baur, J.; McFarlane, A.; Hodson, S.; Sadler, N.; Benassi, H.; Howell, S.; Abraham, M.; Iannos, M.E.; Hansen, C.; Searle, A.K.; Van Hooff, M.; Australian Government Department of Defence and Department of Veterans' AffairsItem Open Access Impact of Combat Report, Impact of Combat Study(Department of Veterans' Affairs, 2019) Lawrence-Wood, E.R.; McFarlane, A.; Lawrence, A.; Sadler, N.; Hodson, S.; Benassi, H.; Bryant, R.; Korganonkar, M.; Rosenfeld, J.; Sim, M.; Kelsall, H.; Abraham, M.; Baur, J.; Howell, S.; Hansen, C.; Iannos, M.; Searle, A.; Van Hooff, M.; Australian Government Departments of Defence and Veterans AffairsItem Metadata only Impact of Combat Summary Report, Impact of Combat Study(Department of Veterans' Affairs, 2019) Lawrence-Wood, E.R.; McFarlane, A.; Lawrence, A.; Sadler, N.; Hodson, S.; Benassi, H.; Bryant, R.; Korgaonkar, M.; Rosenfeld, J.; Sim, M.; Kelsall, H.; Abraham, M.; Baur, J.; Howell, S.; Hansen, C.; Iannos, M.E.; Searle, A.K.; Van Hooff, M.; Australian Government Department of Defence and Veterans' AffairsItem Open Access Physical Health Status Summary Report, Mental Health and Wellbeing Study(The Department of Veterans' Affairs, 2018) Kelsall, H.; SIm, M.; Van Hooff, M.; Lawrence-Wood, E.R.; Hodson, S.; Sadler, N.; Benassi, H.; Hansen, C.; Avery, J.C.; Searle, A.K.; Ighani, H.; Iannos, M.E.; Abraham, M.; Baur, J.; Saccone, E.J.; McFarlane, A.; Australian Government Department of Veterans AffairsItem Open Access Physical Health Status Report, Mental Health and Wellbeing Transition Study(The Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 2018) Kelsall, H.; Sim, M.; Benassi, H.; Van Hooff, M.; Lawrence-Wood, E.; Sadler, N.; Hodson, S.; Hansen, C.; Avery, J.; Searle, A.; Ighani, H.; Iannos, M.; Abraham, M.; Baur, J.; Saccone, E.; McFarlane, A.; Australian Government Department of Veterans AffairsItem Metadata only Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(Wiley, 2023) Shin, Y.H.; Hwang, J.; Kwon, R.; Lee, S.W.; Kim, M.S.; GBD 2019 Allergic Disorders Collaborators,; Shin, J.I.; Yon, D.K.Background: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic allergic conditions, along with allergic rhinitis and food allergy and cause high morbidity and mortality both in children and adults. This study aims to evaluate the global, regional, national, and temporal trends of the burden of asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019 and analyze their associations with geographic, demographic, social, and clinical factors. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we assessed the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of both asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019, stratified by geographic region, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). DALYs were calculated as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost to premature mortality. Additionally, the disease burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking was described. Results: In 2019, there were a total of 262 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 224–309 million] cases of asthma and 171 million [95% UI: 165–178 million] total cases of AD globally; age-standardized prevalence rates were 3416 [95% UI: 2899–4066] and 2277 [95% UI: 2192–2369] per 100,000 population for asthma and AD, respectively, a 24.1% [95% UI: −27.2 to −20.8] decrease for asthma and a 4.3% [95% UI: 3.8–4.8] decrease for AD compared to baseline in 1990. Both asthma and AD had similar trends according to age, with age-specific prevalence rates peaking at age 5–9 years and rising again in adulthood. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and AD were both higher for individuals with higher SDI; however, mortality and DALYs rates of individuals with asthma had a reverse trend, with higher mortality and DALYs rates in those in the lower SDI quintiles. Of the three risk factors, high body mass index contributed to the highest DALYs and deaths due to asthma, accounting for a total of 3.65 million [95% UI: 2.14–5.60 million] asthma DALYs and 75,377 [95% UI: 40,615–122,841] asthma deaths. Conclusions: Asthma and AD continue to cause significant morbidity worldwide, having increased in total prevalence and incidence cases worldwide, but having decreased in age-standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2019. Although both are more frequent at younger ages and more prevalent in high-SDI countries, each condition has distinct temporal and regional characteristics. Understanding the temporospatial trends in the disease burden of asthma and AD could guide future policies and interventions to better manage these diseases worldwide and achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.Item Metadata only Olanzapine increases AMPK-NPY orexigenic signaling by disrupting H1R-GHSR1a interaction in the hypothalamic neurons of mice(Elsevier BV, 2020) Chen, X.; Yu, Y.; Zheng, P.; Jin, T.; He, M.; Zheng, M.; Song, X.; Jones, A.; Huang, X.F.Second generation antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, induce severe obesity, which is associated with their antagonistic effect on the histamine H1 receptor (H1R). We have previously demonstrated that oral administration of olanzapine increases the concentration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus of rats, accompanied by hyperphagia and weight gain. However, it is unclear if the increased NPY after olanzapine administration is due to its direct effect on hypothalamic neurons and its H1R antagonistic property. In the present study, we showed that with an inverted U-shape dose-response curve, olanzapine increased NPY expression in the NPY-GFP hypothalamic neurons; however, this was not the case in the hypothalamic neurons of H1R knockout mice. Olanzapine inhibited the interaction of H1R and GHSR1a (ghrelin receptor) in the primary mouse hypothalamic neurons and NPY-GFP neurons examined by confocal fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology. Furthermore, an H1R agonist, FMPH inhibited olanzapine activation of GHSR1a downstream signaling pAMPK and transcription factors of NPY (pFOXO1 and pCREB) in the hypothalamic NPY-GFP cell. However, an olanzapine analogue (E-Olan) with lower affinity to H1R presented negligible enhancement of pCREB within the nucleus of NPY neurons. These findings suggest that the H1R antagonist property of olanzapine inhibits the interaction of H1R and GHSR1a, activates GHSR1a downstream signaling pAMPK-FOXO1/pCREB and increases hypothalamic NPY: this could be one of the important molecular mechanisms of H1R antagonism of olanzapine-induced obesity in antipsychotic management of psychiatric disorders.Item Metadata only Acute effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on auditory mismatch negativity(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022) Greenwood, L.M.; Broyd, S.J.; van Hell, H.H.; Todd, J.; Jones, A.; Murray, R.M.; Croft, R.J.; Michie, P.T.; Solowij, N.Rationale: Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia subserved by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function and there is increasing evidence that prolonged cannabis use adversely affects MMN generation. Few human studies have investigated the acute effects of cannabinoids on brain-based biomarkers of NMDAR function and synaptic plasticity. Objectives: The current study investigated the acute effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) alone and in combination on the mismatch negativity (MMN). Methods: In a randomised, double-blind, crossover placebo-controlled study, 18 frequent and 18 less-frequent cannabis users underwent 5 randomised drug sessions administered via vaporiser: (1) placebo; (2) THC 8 mg; (3) CBD 400 mg; (4) THC 8 mg + CBD 4 mg [THC + CBD low]; (5) THC 12 mg + CBD 400 mg [THC + CBDhigh]. Participants completed a multifeature MMN auditory oddball paradigm with duration, frequency and intensity deviants (6% each). Results: Relative to placebo, both THC and CBD were observed to increase duration and intensity MMN amplitude in less-frequent users, and THC also increased frequency MMN in this group. The addition of low-dose CBD added to THC attenuated the effect of THC on duration and intensity MMN amplitude in less-frequent users. The same pattern of effects was observed following high-dose CBD added to THC on duration and frequency MMN in frequent users.Conclusions
The pattern of effects following CBD combined with THC on MMN may be subserved by different underlying neurobiological interactions within the endocannabinoid system that vary as a function of prior cannabis exposure. These results highlight the complex interplay between the acute effects of exogenous cannabinoids and NMDAR function. Further research is needed to determine how this process normalises after the acute effects dissipate and following repeated acute exposure.Item Metadata only A randomised controlled trial of vaporised Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alone and in combination in frequent and infrequent cannabis users: acute intoxication effects(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019) Solowij, N.; Broyd, S.; Greenwood, L.M.; van Hell, H.; Martelozzo, D.; Rueb, K.; Todd, J.; Liu, Z.; Galettis, P.; Martin, J.; Murray, R.; Jones, A.; Michie, P.T.; Croft, R.Access to cannabis and cannabinoid products is increasing worldwide for recreational and medicinal use. Two primary compounds within cannabis plant matter, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), are both psychoactive, but only THC is considered intoxicating. There is significant interest in potential therapeutic properties of these cannabinoids and of CBD in particular. Some research has suggested that CBD may ameliorate adverse effects of THC, but this may be dose dependent as other evidence suggests possible potentiating effects of THC by low doses of CBD. We conducted a randomised placebo controlled trial to examine the acute effects of these compounds alone and in combination when administered by vaporisation to frequent and infrequent cannabis users. Participants (n = 36; 31 male) completed 5 drug conditions spaced one week apart, with the following planned contrasts: placebo vs CBD alone (400 mg); THC alone (8 mg) vs THC combined with low (4 mg) or high (400 mg) doses of CBD. Objective (blind observer ratings) and subjective (self-rated) measures of intoxication were the primary outcomes, with additional indices of intoxication examined. CBD showed some intoxicating properties relative to placebo. Low doses of CBD when combined with THC enhanced, while high doses of CBD reduced the intoxicating effects of THC. The enhancement of intoxication by low-dose CBD was particularly prominent in infrequent cannabis users and was consistent across objective and subjective measures. Most effects were significant at p < .0001. These findings are important to consider in terms of recommended proportions of THC and CBD in cannabis plant matter whether used medicinally or recreationally and have implications for novice or less experienced cannabis users.Item Open Access Association of polygenic score and the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways with lithium treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder(Springer Nature, 2023) Amare, A.T.; Thalamuthu, A.; Schubert, K.O.; Fullerton, J.M.; Ahmed, M.; Hartmann, S.; Papiol, S.; Heilbronner, U.; Degenhardt, F.; Tekola-Ayele, F.; Hou, L.; Hsu, Y.-H.; Shekhtman, T.; Adli, M.; Akula, N.; Akiyama, K.; Ardau, R.; Arias, B.; Aubry, J.-M.; Hasler, R.; et al.Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental health disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li+PGS) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li+PGS was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLi+Gen: N = 2367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N = 89) and BipoLife (N = 102) studies. The associations of Li+PGS and lithium treatment response - defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. Li+PGS was positively associated with lithium treatment response in the ConLi+Gen cohort, in both the categorical (P = 9.8 × 10-12, R2 = 1.9%) and continuous (P = 6.4 × 10-9, R2 = 2.6%) outcomes. Compared to bipolar patients in the 1st decile of the risk distribution, individuals in the 10th decile had 3.47-fold (95%CI: 2.22-5.47) higher odds of responding favorably to lithium. The results were replicated in the independent cohorts for the categorical treatment outcome (P = 3.9 × 10-4, R2 = 0.9%), but not for the continuous outcome (P = 0.13). Gene-based analyses revealed 36 candidate genes that are enriched in biological pathways controlled by glutamate and acetylcholine. Li+PGS may be useful in the development of pharmacogenomic testing strategies by enabling a classification of bipolar patients according to their response to treatment.Item Metadata only Peripheral Inflammation Markers Identify a Subset of Patients With Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses who Display Intellectual Decline From Premorbid Levels(Elsevier, 2020) Weickert, T.; Ramanathan, S.; Lenroot, R.; Liu, D.; Balzan, R.; Galletly, C.; Weickert, C.S.; 75th Annual Scientific Convention and Meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry (SOBP) (Sep 2020 - 2 May 2020 : virtual online)Item Open Access End-of-2022 stocktake update(SAGE Publications, 2023) Weightman, M.; Bui, T.A.; D'Arcy Robertson, O.