Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

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dc.contributor.authorBauer, M.
dc.contributor.authorGlenn, T.
dc.contributor.authorAchtyes, E.D.
dc.contributor.authorAlda, M.
dc.contributor.authorAgaoglu, E.
dc.contributor.authorAltınbaş, K.
dc.contributor.authorAndreassen, O.A.
dc.contributor.authorAngelopoulos, E.
dc.contributor.authorArdau, R.
dc.contributor.authorAydin, M.
dc.contributor.authorAyhan, Y.
dc.contributor.authorBaethge, C.
dc.contributor.authorBauer, R.
dc.contributor.authorBaune, B.T.
dc.contributor.authorBalaban, C.
dc.contributor.authorBecerra-Palars, C.
dc.contributor.authorBehere, A.P.
dc.contributor.authorBehere, P.B.
dc.contributor.authorBelete, H.
dc.contributor.authorBelete, T.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractObjective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityMichael Bauer ... Bernhard T Baune ... et al.
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Psychosomatic Research, 2022; 160:110982-1-110982-10
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982
dc.identifier.issn0022-3999
dc.identifier.issn1879-1360
dc.identifier.orcidBaune, B.T. [0000-0001-6548-426X]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/136619
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1156072
dc.rights© 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982
dc.subjectBipolar disorder; Circadian rhythm; Depression; Polarity; Solar insolation; Sunlight
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshBipolar Disorder
dc.subject.meshSunlight
dc.subject.meshSeasons
dc.subject.meshCircadian Rhythm
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshMale
dc.titleAssociation between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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