A comparison of intermediate and long-acting insulins in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin: an observational database study

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dc.contributor.authorGordon, J.
dc.contributor.authorPockett, R.
dc.contributor.authorTetlow, A.
dc.contributor.authorMcEwan, P.
dc.contributor.authorHome, P.
dc.date.issued2010
dc.description.abstract<h4>Aims</h4>Insulin is normally added to oral glucose-lowering drugs in people with type 2 diabetes when glycaemic control becomes suboptimal. We evaluated outcomes in people starting insulin therapy with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH), detemir, glargine or premixed insulins.<h4>Methods</h4>Insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes (n = 8009), ≥ 35 years old, HbA(1c) ≥ 6.5% and begun on NPH (n = 1463), detemir (n = 357), glargine (n = 2197) or premix (n = 3992), were identified from a UK database of primary care records (The Health Improvement Network). Unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted analyses were conducted, with persistence of insulin therapy assessed by survival analysis.<h4>Results</h4>In the study population (n = 4337), baseline HbA(1c) was 9.5 ± 1.6%, falling to 8.4 ± 1.5% over 12 months (change -1.1 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001). Compared with NPH, people taking detemir, glargine and premix had an adjusted reduction in HbA(1c) from baseline, of 0.00% (p = 0.99), 0.19% (p < 0.001) and 0.03% (p = 0.51). Body weight increased by 2.8 kg overall (p < 0.001), and by 2.3, 1.7, 1.9, and 3.3 kg on NPH, detemir, glargine and premix (p < 0.001 for all groups); insulin dose at 12 months was 0.70 (overall), 0.64, 0.61, 0.56 and 0.76 U/kg/day. After 36 months, 57% of people on NPH, 67% on glargine and 83% on premix remained on their initially prescribed insulin.<h4>Discussion and conclusion</h4>In routine clinical practice, people with type 2 diabetes commenced on NPH experienced a modest disadvantage in glycaemic control after 12 months compared with other insulins. When comparing the insulins, glargine achieved best HbA(1c) reduction, while premix showed greatest weight gain and the highest dose requirement, but had the best persistence of therapy.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityJ. Gordon, R. D. Pockett, A. P. Tetlow, P. McEwan, P. D. Home
dc.identifier.citationInternational Journal of Clinical Practice, 2010; 64(12):1609-1618
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02520.x
dc.identifier.issn1368-5031
dc.identifier.issn1742-1241
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/62804
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMedicom International
dc.rights© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02520.x
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2
dc.subjectHypoglycemia
dc.subjectWeight Gain
dc.subjectInsulin, Long-Acting
dc.subjectHypoglycemic Agents
dc.subjectTreatment Outcome
dc.subjectDrug Therapy, Combination
dc.subjectAdministration, Oral
dc.subjectDose-Response Relationship, Drug
dc.subjectMiddle Aged
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectMedication Adherence
dc.subjectYoung Adult
dc.subjectInsulins
dc.subjectInsulin Detemir
dc.subjectInsulin Glargine
dc.subjectGlycated Hemoglobin
dc.titleA comparison of intermediate and long-acting insulins in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin: an observational database study
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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