Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Features of Brain and Ophthalmic Damage Produced by Clostridium Perfringens Type D Epsilon Toxin

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dc.contributor.authorFinnie, J.W.
dc.contributor.authorNavarro, M.A.
dc.contributor.authorUzal, F.A.
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractClostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin (EXT) causes an important neurologic disorder of sheep, goats and, rarely, cattle. The disease can occur in peracute, acute, subacute, and chronic forms. High circulating levels of ETX produce vasculocentric brain lesions, in which microvascular endothelial injury results in diagnostically useful perivascular and intramural extravasations of plasma protein, especially in sheep, and less frequently in goats. With lower toxin doses, a more protracted clinical course tends to occur, particularly in sheep, leading to focal, bilaterally symmetrical, necrotic foci in certain brain regions. Although these morphologic features usually permit the diagnostic pathologist to make a definitive etiologic diagnosis, there are many aspects of the pathogenesis of these cerebral lesions that are not completely understood. ETX has also been shown to produce microvascular damage in the retina of rats, resulting in severe, diffuse vasogenic edema, similar to that found in brains exposed to this neurotoxin. The pathoclisis and vascular theories offer alternative explanations of the differential susceptibility of different brain regions to the same neurotoxic insult.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityJohn W. Finnie, Mauricio A. Navarro , Francisco A. Uzal
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2020; 32(2):282-286
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/1040638719900190
dc.identifier.issn1040-6387
dc.identifier.issn1943-4936
dc.identifier.orcidFinnie, J.W. [0000-0003-2277-1693]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/146104
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSAGE Publications
dc.rights© 2020 The Author(s).
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/1040638719900190
dc.subjectClostridium perfringens; epsilon toxin; review.
dc.subject.meshClostridium perfringens
dc.subject.meshClostridium Infections
dc.subject.meshBrain Diseases
dc.subject.meshEye Diseases
dc.subject.meshBacterial Toxins
dc.subject.meshVirulence
dc.titlePathogenesis and Diagnostic Features of Brain and Ophthalmic Damage Produced by Clostridium Perfringens Type D Epsilon Toxin
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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