Peri-conceptual cytokines - Setting the trajectory for embryo implantation, pregnancy and beyond
Date
2011
Authors
Robertson, S.
Chin, P.
Glynn, D.
Thompson, J.
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Journal article
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American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2011; 66(Suppl 1):2-10
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Sarah A. Robertson, Peck Yin Chin, Danielle J. Glynn, Jeremy G. Thompson
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Abstract
<h4>Problem</h4>The peri-conceptual environment influences the early embryo to impart long-term consequences for the fetus and neonate; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well defined.<h4>Method of study</h4>We argue that the cytokine network acting in the female reproductive tract during the pre- and peri-implantation period integrates environmental information to program the embryo and fine-tune the maternal immune response and endometrial remodelling to determine implantation success.<h4>Results</h4>As well as sex steroid hormones and male seminal fluid factors, female tract cytokines are influenced by agents signalling via the Toll-like receptors including the microbiome and a plethora of metabolic, chemical and other stressors. In mouse models, an altered peri-conceptual cytokine environment induced by cytokine deficiency, inflammatory insults or dysregulated seminal fluid signalling is associated with adverse effects on embryo development, pregnancy viability and reproductive outcome.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The cytokine network provides a pivotal mechanism through which environmental factors influence both embryo development and receptivity of the uterus.
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© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S