Guard cells count the number of unitary cytosolic Ca²⁺ signals to regulate stomatal dynamics
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Date
2024
Authors
Huang, S.
Roelfsema, M.R.G.
Gilliham, M.
Hetherington, A.M.
Hedrich, R.
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Current Biology, 2024; 34(23):5409-5416
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Shouguang Huang, M. Rob G. Roelfsema, Matthew Gilliham, Alistair M. Hetherington, Rainer Hedrich
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Abstract
Transient stimulus-specific increases in the cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ("calcium signatures") of guard cells have been proposed to regulate the opening and closure of stomatal pores on plant leaves. However, the mechanism by which these Ca²⁺ signatures are generated and translated into stomatal movement is still largely unresolved. We used a light-gated, Ca²⁺-permeable variant of ChannelRhodopsin 2 (ChR2-XXM2.0) that was stimulated by tailored light pulses to investigate this phenomenon. We found that activation of the ChR2-XXM2.0 channel provoked characteristic increases in the cytosolic concentration of Ca²⁺. We also demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was involved in the generation of these calcium signatures. Using ChR2-XXM2.0 technology, we showed that transient increases in Ca²⁺ activated S-type anion channels and determined the extent and speed of stomatal closure with their number and frequency. Our data reveal that guard cells are capable of counting Ca²⁺ transients in order to optimize stomatal aperture in the prevailing environmental conditions.
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© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).