Animal models of pediatric abusive head trauma.

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dc.contributor.authorFinnie, J.W.
dc.contributor.authorBlumbergs, P.C.
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractBackground: Abusive head trauma (AHT), previously known as the shaken baby syndrome, is a severe and potentially fatal form of traumatic brain injury in infant children who have been shaken, and sometimes also sustained an additional head impact. The clinical and autopsy findings in AHT are not pathognomonic and, due to frequent obfuscation by perpetrators, the circumstances surrounding the alleged abuse are often unclear. The concept has evolved that the finding of the combination of subdural hemorrhage, brain injury, and retinal hemorrhages (“the triad”) is the result of shaking of an infant (“shaken baby syndrome”) and has led to the ongoing controversy whether shaking alone is able to generate sufficient force to produce these lesions. Objective: In an attempt to investigate whether shaking can engender this lesion triad, animal models have been developed in laboratory rodents and domestic animal species. This review assesses the utility of these animal models to reliably reproduce human AHT pathology and evaluate the effects of shaking on the immature brain. Results: Due largely to irreconcilable anatomic species differences between these animal brains and human infants, and a lack of resemblance of the experimental head shaking induced by mechanical devices to real-world human neurotrauma, no animal model has been able to reliably reproduce the full range of neuropathologic AHT changes. Conclusion: Some animal models can simulate specific brain and ophthalmic lesions found in human AHT cases and provide useful information on their pathogenesis. Moreover, one animal model demonstrated that shaking of a freely mobile head, without an additional head impact, could be lethal, and produce significant brain pathology.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityJohn W. Finnie, Peter C. Blumbergs
dc.identifier.citationChild's Nervous System, 2022; 38(12):2317-2324
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00381-022-05577-6
dc.identifier.issn0256-7040
dc.identifier.issn1433-0350
dc.identifier.orcidFinnie, J.W. [0000-0003-2277-1693]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/146047
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-022-05577-6
dc.subjectAbusive head trauma; Animal models; Neuropathologic changes; Pathogenetic mechanisms
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshBrain Injuries
dc.subject.meshCraniocerebral Trauma
dc.subject.meshShaken Baby Syndrome
dc.subject.meshRetinal Hemorrhage
dc.subject.meshChild Abuse
dc.subject.meshChild
dc.subject.meshInfant
dc.titleAnimal models of pediatric abusive head trauma.
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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