Utopia versus dystopia: Professional perspectives on the impact of healthcare artificial intelligence on clinical roles and skills

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dc.contributor.authorAquino, Y.S.J.
dc.contributor.authorRogers, W.A.
dc.contributor.authorBraunack-Mayer, A.
dc.contributor.authorFrazer, H.
dc.contributor.authorWin, K.T.
dc.contributor.authorHoussami, N.
dc.contributor.authorDegeling, C.
dc.contributor.authorSemsarian, C.
dc.contributor.authorCarter, S.M.
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractBackground: Alongside the promise of improving clinical work, advances in healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) raise concerns about the risk of deskilling clinicians. This purpose of this study is to examine the issue of deskilling from the perspective of diverse group of professional stakeholders with knowledge and/or experiences in the development, deployment and regulation of healthcare AI. Methods: We conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 72 professionals with AI expertise and/or professional or clinical expertise who were involved in development, deployment and/or regulation of healthcare AI. Data analysis using combined constructivist grounded theory and framework approach was performed concurrently with data collection. Findings: Our analysis showed participants had diverse views on three contentious issues regarding AI and deskilling. The first involved competing views about the proper extent of AI-enabled automation in healthcare work, and which clinical tasks should or should not be automated. We identified a cluster of characteristics of tasks that were considered more suitable for automation. The second involved expectations about the impact of AI on clinical skills, and whether AI-enabled automation would lead to worse or better quality of healthcare. The third tension implicitly contrasted two models of healthcare work: a human-centric model and a technologycentric model. These models assumed different values and priorities for healthcare work and its relationship to AI-enabled automation. Conclusion: Our study shows that a diverse group of professional stakeholders involved in healthcare AI development, acquisition, deployment and regulation are attentive to the potential impact of healthcare AI on clinical skills, but have different views about the nature and valence (positive or negative) of this impact. Detailed engagement with different types of professional stakeholders allowed us to identify relevant concepts and values that could guide decisions about AI algorithm development and deployment.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityYves Saint James Aquino, Wendy A. Rogers, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Helen Frazer, Khin Than Win, Nehmat Houssami, Christopher Degeling, Christopher Semsarian, Stacy M. Carter
dc.identifier.citationInternational Journal of Medical Informatics, 2023; 169:104903-1-104903-10
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104903
dc.identifier.issn1386-5056
dc.identifier.issn1872-8243
dc.identifier.orcidBraunack-Mayer, A. [0000-0003-4427-0224]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/137231
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1181960
dc.rights© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104903
dc.subjectArtificial Intelligence; Medicine; Healthcare; Ethics; Clinical Skills; Automation
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshArtificial Intelligence
dc.subject.meshDelivery of Health Care
dc.titleUtopia versus dystopia: Professional perspectives on the impact of healthcare artificial intelligence on clinical roles and skills
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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