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Nepali oral microbiomes reflect a gradient of lifestyles from traditional to industrialized.

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dc.contributor.authorRyu, E.P.
dc.contributor.authorGautam, Y.
dc.contributor.authorProctor, D.M.
dc.contributor.authorBhandari, D.
dc.contributor.authorTandukar, S.
dc.contributor.authorGupta, M.
dc.contributor.authorGautam, G.P.
dc.contributor.authorRelman, D.A.
dc.contributor.authorShibl, A.A.
dc.contributor.authorSherchand, J.B.
dc.contributor.authorJha, A.R.
dc.contributor.authorDavenport, E.R.
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractBackground: Lifestyle plays an important role in shaping the gut microbiome. However, its contributions to the oral microbiome remain less clear, due to the confounding effects of geography and methodology in investigations of populations studied to date. Furthermore, while the oral microbiome seems to differ between foraging and industrialized populations, we lack insight into whether transitions to and away from agrarian lifestyles shape the oral microbiota. Given the growing interest in so-called “vanishing microbiomes” potentially being a risk factor for increased disease prevalence in industrialized populations, it is important that we distinguish lifestyle from geography in the study of microbiomes across populations. Results: Here, we investigate salivary microbiomes of 63 Nepali individuals representing a spectrum of lifestyles: foraging, subsistence farming (individuals that transitioned from foraging to farming within the last 50 years), agriculturalists (individuals that have transitioned to farming for at least 300 years), and industrialists (expatriates that immigrated to the USA within the last 20 years). We characterize the role of lifestyle in microbial diversity, identify microbes that differ between lifestyles, and pinpoint specific lifestyle factors that may be contributing to differences in the microbiomes across populations. Contrary to prevailing views, when geography is controlled for, oral microbiome alpha diversity does not differ significantly across lifestyles. Microbiome composition, however, follows the gradient of lifestyles from foraging through agrarianism to industrialism, supporting the notion that lifestyle indeed plays a role in the oral microbiome. Relative abundances of several individual taxa, including Streptobacillus and an unclassified Porphyromonadaceae genus, also mirror lifestyle. Finally, we identify specific lifestyle factors associated with microbiome composition across the gradient of lifestyles, including smoking and grain sources. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that by studying populations within Nepal, we can isolate an important role of lifestyle in determining oral microbiome composition. In doing so, we highlight the potential contributions of several lifestyle factors, underlining the importance of carefully examining the oral microbiome across lifestyles to improve our understanding of global microbiomes.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityErica P. Ryu, Yoshina Gautam, Diana M. Proctor, Dinesh Bhandari, Sarmila Tandukar, Meera Gupta, Guru Prasad Gautam, David A. Relman, Ahmed A. Shibl, Jeevan Bahadur Sherchand, Aashish R. Jha, and Emily R. Davenport
dc.identifier.citationMicrobiome, 2024; 12(1):228-228
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s40168-024-01941-7
dc.identifier.issn2049-2618
dc.identifier.issn2049-2618
dc.identifier.orcidBhandari, D. [0000-0002-0979-1406]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/143762
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBMC
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01941-7
dc.subjectOral microbiome; Oral microbiota; Salivary microbiome; Lifestyle; Nepali populations
dc.subject.meshMouth
dc.subject.meshSaliva
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshBacteria
dc.subject.meshRNA, Ribosomal, 16S
dc.subject.meshLife Style
dc.subject.meshAgriculture
dc.subject.meshAdult
dc.subject.meshMiddle Aged
dc.subject.meshNepal
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshMale
dc.subject.meshYoung Adult
dc.subject.meshMicrobiota
dc.subject.meshIndustrial Development
dc.titleNepali oral microbiomes reflect a gradient of lifestyles from traditional to industrialized.
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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