The Australasian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Consensus statements on refeeding syndrome
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(Published version)
Date
2025
Authors
Matthews-Rensch, K.
Blackwood, K.
Lawlis, D.
Breik, L.
McLean, C.
Nguyen, T.
Phillips, S.
Small, K.
Stewart, T.
Thatcher, A.
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Journal article
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Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025; 82(2):128-142
Statement of Responsibility
Kylie Matthews-Rensch, Kirrilee Blackwood, Deborah Lawlis, Lina Breik, Cameron McLean, Truc Nguyen, Sarah Phillips, Kimberly Small, Tim Stewart, Amber Thatcher, Leanne Venkat, Emily Brodie, Brydie Cleeve, Lauren Diamond, Mei Yuen Ng, Anna Small, Elizabeth Viner Smith, Varsha Asrani.
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Abstract
Aims: This consensus statement document describes the recommendations of the Australasian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition regarding the identification and management of refeeding syndrome and refeeding syndrome risk. Methods: An expert working group completed a review of the literature to develop recommendations for the consensus statements. Review of the drafted consensus statements was undertaken by highly experienced clinicians. Results: The identification and management of refeeding syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach. Actual refeeding syndrome is rare; however, all patients should be assessed for the risk of its development. Refeeding syndrome should only be diagnosed if the patient has had adequate nutrition intake (≥50% of estimated requirements), with electrolyte imbalances and clinical symptoms emerging after its commencement. Thiamin and multivitamin supplementation and regular electrolyte monitoring should be provided to all patients at risk of developing refeeding syndrome. There is no evidence that patients at risk of developing refeeding syndrome should be started at an initial lower enteral feeding rate than already recommended for checking tolerance to enteral feeds. Goal nutrition rates should be reached within 24–72 h for all routes of nutrition. Low electrolyte levels should be replaced as per local guidelines, with consideration given to the route of replacement. Conclusion: These consensus statements are expected to provide guidance at a national level to improve the identification and management of refeeding syndrome and refeeding syndrome risk.
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© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.