Investigating the appearance of new psychoactive substances in South Australia using wastewater and forensic data
Date
2019
Authors
Bade, R.
Stockham, P.
Painter, B.
Celma, A.
Bijlsma, L.
Hernandez, F.
White, J.M.
Gerber, C.
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Journal article
Citation
Drug Testing and Analysis, 2019; 11(2):250-256
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Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) have increased in use and popularity worldwide. Wastewater analysis has been successfully applied to evaluate illicit drugs use within a population. However, for NPS, such approach may be limited due to low doses of NPS combined with their ever‐changing composition and usage. The dynamic nature of the NPS market means use may be opportunistic, infrequent and with few users. Hence, the use of complementary information sources is recommended to improve the knowledge on NPS consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the changing landscape of NPS use on a community scale by combining wastewater analysis and forensic toxicology. Forensic analysis provided specific information on NPS prevalence in post‐mortem blood samples in Adelaide, South Australia over five years, while wastewater analysis showed community use over the same period. A qualitative liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry method was initially used to screen the wastewater samples. A total of 24 NPS were found: six in wastewater only, 13 in forensic post mortem toxicology samples only and five in both. As these results showed the presence of NPS, a targeted method was subsequently employed to quantify levels of these NPS in wastewater. Temporal trends were found in wastewater with distinct tendencies for synthetic cathinones visible over the period studied.
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Data source: Supporting Information, https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2484
Link to a related website: http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/bitstream/10234/180982/1/Bade_2018_Investigating.pdf, Open Access via Unpaywall
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Copyright 2018 Wiley