Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments
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(Published version)
Date
2022
Authors
Soldin, D.
Fomin, Y.A.
Kalmykov, N.N.
Karpikov, I.S.
Kulikov, G.V.
Kuznetsov, M.Y.
Rubtsov, G.I.
Sulakov, V.P.
Troitsky, S.V.
Abbasi, R.
Editors
Keilhauer, B.
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Conference paper
Citation
Proceedings of Science, 2022 / Keilhauer, B. (ed./s), vol.395, pp.0349-1-0349-16
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International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) (12 Jul 2021 - 23 Jul 2021 : Berlin, Germany - online)
Abstract
Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and experimentally measured air showers, others reported no discrepancies. We will present an update of the meta-analysis of muon measurements from nine air shower experiments, covering shower energies between a few PeV and tens of EeV and muon threshold energies from a few 100 MeV to about 10 GeV. In order to compare measurements from different experiments, their energy scale was cross-calibrated and the experimental data has been compared using a universal reference scale based on air shower simulations. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon excess with respect to simulations for all hadronic interaction models, which is increasing with shower energy. For EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04 the significance of the slope of the increase is analyzed in detail under different assumptions of the individual experimental uncertainties.
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© Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)