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The environmental impact, carbon emissions and sustainability of computing in the ATLAS experiment

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dc.contributor.authorAad, G.
dc.contributor.authorAakvaag, E.
dc.contributor.authorAbbott, B.
dc.contributor.authorAbdelhameed, S.
dc.contributor.authorAbeling, K.
dc.contributor.authorAbicht, N.J.
dc.contributor.authorAbidi, S.H.
dc.contributor.authorAboelela, M.
dc.contributor.authorAboulhorma, A.
dc.contributor.authorAbramowicz, H.
dc.contributor.authorAbulaiti, Y.
dc.contributor.authorAcharya, B.S.
dc.contributor.authorAckermann, A.
dc.contributor.authorBourdarios, C.A.
dc.contributor.authorAdamczyk, L.
dc.contributor.authorAddepalli, S.V.
dc.contributor.authorAddison, M.J.
dc.contributor.authorAdelman, J.
dc.contributor.authorAdiguzel, A.
dc.contributor.authorAdye, T.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractATLAS, a general-purpose experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), makes use of a large internationally-distributed computing infrastructure, including over 10⁶ TB of managed data on disk and tape and almost one million simultaneously running CPU cores. Upgrades for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will increase the required computing resources by a factor of 3–4 by the beginning of the 2030s, and by an order of magnitude before the conclusion of data taking at the beginning of the 2040s. These resources are spread over around 100 computing sites worldwide. Efforts are underway within the experiment to evaluate and mitigate various aspects of the environmental impact of the sites, with the additional long-term goal of making recommendations to the sites that will significantly reduce the total expected environmental impact in the HL-LHC era. These efforts take several forms: building awareness in the experiment community, adjusting aspects of the computing policy, and modifications of data center configurations, either in ways that take advantage of particular features of ATLAS workloads or in generic ways that reduce the environmental impact of the computing resources. This paper describes the ongoing investigations and approaches that have already provided useful and actionable outcomes.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityATLAS Collaboration
dc.identifier.citationEuropean Physical Journal C, 2025; 85(12):1397-1-1397-37
dc.identifier.doi10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14976-3
dc.identifier.issn1434-6044
dc.identifier.issn1434-6052
dc.identifier.orcidDesai, A.M. [0000-0003-2631-9696]
dc.identifier.orcidFewell, M.P. [0000-0002-4406-0430]
dc.identifier.orcidGallagher, J. [0000-0001-9284-6270]
dc.identifier.orcidJackson, P. [0000-0002-0847-402X]
dc.identifier.orcidKong, A.X.Y. [0000-0001-8063-8765]
dc.identifier.orcidKull, J. [0000-0002-8517-7977]
dc.identifier.orcidOliver, J.L. [0000-0002-0713-6627]
dc.identifier.orcidPandya, H.D. [0000-0002-1199-945X]
dc.identifier.orcidPotti, H. [0000-0002-0800-9902]
dc.identifier.orcidPurnell, H.I. [0009-0007-3263-4103]
dc.identifier.orcidRuggeri, T.A. [0000-0001-9941-1966]
dc.identifier.orcidTing, E.X.L. [0000-0002-5886-6339]
dc.identifier.orcidWhite, M.J. [0000-0001-5474-4580]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/149875
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringerOpen
dc.relation.grantARC
dc.rights© CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecomm ons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14976-3
dc.subjectenvironmental impact; carbon emissions; ATLAS experiment
dc.titleThe environmental impact, carbon emissions and sustainability of computing in the ATLAS experiment
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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