Beneficial autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Date
2005
Authors
Hauben, E.
Roncarolo, M.
Nevo, U.
Schwartz, M.
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Journal article
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Trends in Immunology, 2005; 26(5):248-253
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Ehud Hauben, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Uri Nevo and Michal Schwartz
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Abstract
The trigger that leads to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is currently unknown. It is well established that the pathophysiology of the disease is biphasic. In the first stage, leukocytes infiltrate the pancreatic islets in a response that does not cause damage. In the second phase, which occurs only in diabetes-prone individuals and strains, autoreactive T cells acquire aggressive potential and destroy the majority of the pancreatic islets. Rodents and humans exhibit a physiological ripple of apoptotic beta-cell death shortly after birth, which induces an adaptive autoimmune response towards islet-antigens, both in diabetes-prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and in mice that do not develop diabetes. Here, we propose that the early T cell-mediated autoimmune response towards islet-antigens is physiological, purposeful and beneficial.
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© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.