In vitro and in vivo study on the effects of nutritive media compared with water on the resuscitation of a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine

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dc.contributor.authorJia, S.
dc.contributor.authorMcWhorter, A.R.
dc.contributor.authorKhan, S.
dc.contributor.authorAndrews, D.M.
dc.contributor.authorUnderwood, G.J.
dc.contributor.authorChousalkar, K.K.
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractIn this study, a commercially available Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine (Vaxsafe ST) reconstituted in either water or nutrient broth, was tested to understand its effects on the in vitro invasion of Caco-2 cells and its transcriptional regulation post-reconstitution. Over time, the invasiveness of Vaxsafe ST was significantly higher following reconstitution in nutrient broth compared with water. Incubation temperature post-reconstitution did not significantly affect the invasion rate. Transcriptome data showed that Vaxsafe ST reconstituted in nutrient broth upregulated genes involved in the two-component system and flagella activity pathways; however, genes involved in host colonization and invasion were unaltered. Genes involved in host colonization and invasion were downregulated after reconstitution in water. Vaxsafe ST reconstituted in a nutritive diluent improved the metabolic activities of the vaccine. The animal experiment demonstrated that vaccine colonization was significantly higher in caeca compared with ileum irrespective of the diluent. Incubating the vaccine in nutrient broth for 30 min before administration did not significantly increase its colonization or organ invasion in chicks. Overall, the findings support the use of nutritive media for the reconstitution of Vaxsafe ST, warranting further investigation to optimize vaccine performance. This study provides a foundation for future work on vaccine reconstitution strategies.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilitySiyuan Jia, Andrea R. McWhorter, Samiullah Khan, Daniel M. Andrews, Gregory J. Underwood, Kapil K. Chousalkar
dc.identifier.citationVeterinary Quarterly, 2025; 45(1):1-10
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/01652176.2025.2485480
dc.identifier.issn0165-2176
dc.identifier.issn1875-5941
dc.identifier.orcidJia, S. [0000-0002-8483-738X]
dc.identifier.orcidMcWhorter, A.R. [0000-0002-5793-1629]
dc.identifier.orcidKhan, S. [0000-0002-0292-2979]
dc.identifier.orcidChousalkar, K.K. [0000-0002-4134-3996]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/147038
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Group
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP190100864
dc.rights©2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons attribution-nonCommercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2025.2485480
dc.subjectSalmonella Typhimurium; layer hen; vaccination; RNA-Seq; in vivo colonization
dc.titleIn vitro and in vivo study on the effects of nutritive media compared with water on the resuscitation of a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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