Shrinking in the dark: Parallel endosymbiont genome erosions are associated with repeated host transitions to an underground life
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Date
2024
Authors
Beasley-Hall, P.G.
Kinjo, Y.
Rose, H.A.
Walker, J.
Foster, C.S.P.
Kovacs, T.G.L.
Bourguignon, T.
Ho, S.Y.W.
Lo, N.
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Insect Science, 2024; 31(6):1810-1821
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Perry G. Beasley-Hall, Yukihiro Kinjo, Harley A. Rose, James Walker, Charles S. P. Foster, Toby G. L. Kovacs, Thomas Bourguignon, Simon Y.W. Ho and Nathan Lo
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Abstract
Microbial symbioses have had profound impacts on the evolution of animals. Conversely, changes in host biology may impact the evolutionary trajectory of symbionts themselves. Blattabacterium cuenoti is present in almost all cockroach species and enables hosts to subsist on a nutrient-poor diet. To investigate if host biology has impacted Blattabacterium at the genomic level, we sequenced and analyzed 25 genomes from Australian soil-burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae: Panesthiinae), which have undergone at least seven separate subterranean, subsocial transitions from above-ground, wood-feeding ancestors. We find at least three independent instances of genome erosion have occurred in Blattabacterium strains exclusive to Australian soil-burrowing cockroaches. These shrinkages have involved the repeated inactivation of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and nitrogen recycling, the core role of Blattabacterium in the host-symbiont relationship. The most drastic of these erosions have occurred in hosts thought to have transitioned underground the earliest relative to other lineages, further suggestive of a link between gene loss in Blattabacterium and the burrowing behavior of hosts. As Blattabacterium is unable to fulfill its core function in certain host lineages, these findings suggest soil-burrowing cockroaches must acquire these nutrients from novel sources. Our study represents one of the first cases, to our knowledge, of parallel host adaptations leading to concomitant parallelism in their mutualistic symbionts, further underscoring the intimate relationship between these two partners.
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First published: 10 March 2024
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© 2024 The Authors. Insect Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.