Bridging the Gap in Rhinoplasty Training: The Effectiveness of 3D Printed Models in Surgical Education

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dc.contributor.authorRehman, U.
dc.contributor.authorPolglase, N.
dc.contributor.authorKahn, D.
dc.contributor.authorDogan, T.
dc.contributor.authorPaun, S.
dc.contributor.authorD’Souza, A.
dc.contributor.authorUppal, R.
dc.contributor.authorEynon-Lewis, N.
dc.contributor.authorLechner, M.
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description..
dc.description.abstractBackground: Rhinoplasty is a common facial plastic surgery procedure for both functional and aesthetic indications. The use of 3-dimensional (3D) models has been reported as a potential method for providing hands-on training for learning rhinoplasty without jeopardizing patient care. Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel model for rhinoplasty training. Methods: The rhinoplasty models were designed and produced with proprietary 3D printing technology. Face and content validity were assessed during a rhinoplasty course involving 53 surgeons. Criterion validity was evaluated in a training session with 20 surgical residents, measuring improvements in surgical skills after practice with the 3D models, with an objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSAT). Results: All surgeons (n = 53, 100%) stated that the rhinoplasty model aided in their learning and development. In all, 91% (n = 48) of surgeons rated the realism of the model as excellent or very good in comparison to cadaveric specimens. Assessment of criterion validity showed a statistically significant improvement in OSAT scores among surgical residents, increasing from a baseline of 11.7/40 (SD ± 1.80) to 21.6/40 (SD ± 1.79) post session (P < .0001). Conclusions: The 3D rhinoplasty models showed good content, face, and criterion validity, objectively improving residents’ surgical performance. Rhinoplasty 3D models may serve as a precadaveric training adjunct, equipping trainees with fundamental skills before cadaveric dissection, or as a primary training modality in countries with limited cadaver access. Therefore the models offer an innovative approach to training the next generation of rhinoplasty surgeons.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityUmar Rehman, Natasha Polglase, David Kahn, Teoman Dogan, Santdeep Paun, Alwyn D’Souza, Rajan Uppal, Nicholas Eynon-Lewis, Matt Lechner
dc.identifier.citationAesthetic Surgery Journal, 2025; 45(7):655-661
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/asj/sjaf045
dc.identifier.issn1090-820X
dc.identifier.issn1527-330X
dc.identifier.orcidPolglase, N. [0009-0004-9162-8000]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/147011
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherOxford University Press (OUP)
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf045
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf045
dc.subjecttissue dissection; internship and residency; rhinoplasty; surgical procedures, operative; medical residencies; printing, three-dimensional
dc.titleBridging the Gap in Rhinoplasty Training: The Effectiveness of 3D Printed Models in Surgical Education
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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