Tamil Schools in the Federated Malay States under British Colonial Rule 1895-1941
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(Published version)
Date
2024
Authors
Maniam, V.
Bleeze, R.
Harrington, I.
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Journal article
Citation
HSE Social and Education History, 2024; 13(3):170-187
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Vegneskumar Maniam, Rachel Bleeze, and Ingrid Harrington
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Abstract
In the time of British rule of the Federated Malay States (FMS) from 1895 to 1941, many Indians, especially the Tamils from South India, were brought in as labourers. Long-term Tamil primary schools were established to cater to their children's educational needs. This article presents a historical investigation of the development, challenges, and disparity faced by Tamil primary schools in the FMS between 1895-1941. The study employs thematic content analysis to study the primary and secondary historical sources. The findings report that four themes surrounding challenges and disparity emerged among Tamil schools in the FMS, namely building and equipment; subjects and syllabi; schoolteachers; and teacher training. The study underscores the development of Tamil schools in the FMS, the significant issues faced by the schools under British colonial rule, and the implications for children of Tamil migrants. Significantly, this study contributes new knowledge towards the history of education during British colonialism, emphasising the crucial role of Tamil schools in preserving language and culture and potentially shaping future research in this area.
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abstract also available in Spanish
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© The Author(s) 2024. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Authors retain copyright. This licence allows anyone to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, link to, and reuse the published material for any lawful purpose, provided that the original source is properly cited.