School of Population Health & Clinical Practice
Permanent URI for this community
The School of Population Health and Clinical Practice is one of the six Schools in the Faculty of Health Sciences created when the Faculty was restructured in 2005.
Browse
Browsing School of Population Health & Clinical Practice by Issue Date
Now showing 1 - 20 of 4142
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Metadata only A physical map of the chromosomal region determining O-antigen biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae 01(Elsevier, 1987) Ward, H.; Morelli, G.; Kamke, M.; Morona, R.; Yeadon, J.; Hackett, J.; Manning, P.We have previously described the cosmid cloning of the genes determining the biosynthesis of the Inaba and Ogawa O-antigens of the lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae 01 (Manning et al., 1986). By Southern hybridization analysis of chromosomal and cosmid DNA, and heteroduplex analysis between the clones we have been able to precisely define the region of contiguous chromosomal DNA in the vicinity of the O-antigen-encoding region. These data and comparison of end points of clones and of deletion derivatives demonstrate that at least 16kb of a 19-kb SstI fragment is required to encode O-antigen biosynthesis. Expression of O-antigen is independent of the orientation of this SstI fragment with respect to cloning vectors suggesting that its regulatory region has been cloned intact. No detectable differences were observed in the restriction patterns of the Inaba and Ogawa coding regions implying that only minor changes are involved when serotype conversion (Inaba to Ogawa or vice versa) occurs. Bhaskaran [Ind. J. Med. Res. 47 (1959) 253-260] originally defined this region associated with O-antigen biosynthesis oag; however, to be consistent with other organisms [Hitchcock et al., J. Bacteriol. 166 (1986) 699-705], it is suggested this be changed to rfb.Item Metadata only Paracetamol for fever in children(Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, 1988) Frank, O.; Coulthard, K.This paper outlines the importance of giving adequate doses of paracetamol to febrile children. The reported lack of efficacy of this drug is due invariably to underdosage.Item Metadata only Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with acute myocardial infarction: effects of streptokinase(BMJ Publishing Group, 1989) Tan, A.; Van Loenhout, T.; Lamfers, E.; Corten, P.; Kloppenborg, P.; Benraad Th, J.; Phillips, P.; Hodsman, G.; Johnston, C.Item Metadata only Mapping of chromosomal loci associated with lipopolysaccharide synthesis and serotype specificity in Vibrio cholerae 01 by transposon mutagenesis using Tn5 and Tn2680(Springer Verlag, 1989) Ward, H.; Manning, P.Vibrio cholerae strains of the 01 serotype have been classified into three subclasses, Ogawa, Inaba and Hikojima, which are associated with the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The DNA encoding the biosynthesis of the O-antigen, the rfb locus, has been cloned and analysed (Manning et al. 1986; Ward et al. 1987). Transposon mutagenesis of the Inaba and Ogawa strains of V. cholerae, using Tn5 or Tn2680 allowed the isolation of a series of independent mutants in each of these serotypes. Some of the insertions were mapped to the rfb region by Southern hybridization using the cloned rfb DNA as a probe, confirming this location to be responsible for both O-antigen production and serotype specificity. The other insertions allowed a second region to be identified which is involved in V. cholerae LPS biosynthesis.Item Metadata only Screening alcohol & drug use in a general practice unit: a comparison of computerised and traditional methods(Public Health Association of Australia, 1989) Bungey, J.; Pols, R.; Mortimer, K.; Frank, O.; Skinner, H.Systematic screening of patients for areas of health risk in their lifestyle has much potential for primary health care clinicians as a cost-effective and time saving means to identify 'at risk' individuals. In the area of alcohol and drug problems, such early identification increases the likelihood of successful intervention. The present study, conducted at a general practice unit, compared the use of a computer to screen for alcohol and drug use with the two more traditional assessment methods of face-to-face interview and paper and pencil questionnaire. It was found that levels of reported consumption were similar across assessment methods. Although the interview method was strongly preferred overall, patients' preference for the computer increased significantly after use. The computer was also found to be more acceptable to patients reporting non-medical drug use, a potentially threatening and sensitive issue. There was a low refusal rate and most patients were willing to allow their doctor to see the assessment results. This indicates that screening for alcohol and drug use is acceptable to general practice patients, and that the computer can play a useful role as a prevention aid.Item Metadata only Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with acute myocardial infarction: effects of streptokinase(BMJ Publishing Group, 1989) Phillips, P.; Sasadeus, J.; Hodsman, G.; Horowitz, J.; Saltups, A.; Johnston, C.Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (mean (SEM] were measured in 135 patients admitted to two coronary care units with myocardial infarction, ischaemic chest pain, or non-ischaemic chest pain. Concentrations were significantly higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction not treated with systemic thrombolysis (60.4 (14.3) pg/ml) than in patients with non-ischaemic chest pain (21.1 (4.3) pg/ml). Patients with ischaemic chest pain had intermediate values (39.3 (7.1) pg/ml). Patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with intravenous streptokinase had normal concentrations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (20.2 (3.6) pg/mg), which were significantly lower than those in patients with myocardial infarction not given streptokinase. These changes could not be explained by factors such as age, pre-existing hypertension, renal dysfunction, or cardiac failure, nor treatment other than streptokinase. Raised plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide in acute myocardial infarction may be a homoeostatic response acting to reduce atrial pressures by natriuresis, diuresis, and venodilatation. The lower concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with streptokinase may reflect a short term beneficial haemodynamic effect of streptokinase.Item Metadata only Drug companies' evidence to justify advertising(Elsevier, 1989) Wade, V.A.; Mansfield, P.R.; McDonald, P.J.Ten international pharmaceutical companies were asked by letter to supply their best evidence in support of marketing claims for seventeen products. Fifteen replies were received. Seven replies cited a total of 67 references: 31 contained relevant original data and only 13 were controlled trials, all of which had serious methodological flaws. There were four reports of changes in advertising claims and one company ceased marketing nikethamide in the third world. Standards of evidence used to justify advertising claims are inadequate.Item Metadata only Medical reference filing systems(Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, 1991) Frank, O.The author reviews a simple manual system and several computerised ones that use the concepts of key words and an 'accession number' to make it possible to find 'that article I read last month'Item Metadata only Capitation: a service by another name(Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, 1992) Frank, O.Fee for service and capitation systems are usually regarded as different methods of medical remuneration, however, they can be seen to differ mainly in the degree to which they 'bundle' or 'package' medical services. A capitation system for general practice services in Australia could be established by the creation of a Medicare item and benefit for a year's general practice care. This would allow doctors to assess the benefits of capitation without a total and potentially traumatic commitment, and may encourage innovation in the efficient delivery of primary health care.Item Metadata only Improved animal production by genetic engineering of ruminal bacteria(AusBiotech, 1992) Brooker, J.; Thomson, A.; Ward, H.Ruminant production is a major focus of Australian agriculture. The ability of ruminant animals such as sheep and cattle to make productive use of low quality plant materials depends on the activity and efficiency of the anaerobic microbial population that resides in the rumen. Factors that affect ruminant production include the ability of cellulolytic microorganisms to digest plant structural polysaccharides (primarily cellulose and hemicellulose), the capacity of microorganisms to metabolise and detoxify otherwise inhibitory plant products and the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation by ruminal organisms. This review will consider some current Australian research programs aimed at improving ruminant production efficiency by genetic engineering of ruminal bacteria.Item Open Access A shuttle vector which facilitates the expression of transfected genes in Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania(Oxford University Press, 1992) Kelly, J.; Ward, H.; Miles, M.; Kendall, G.A Trypanosoma cruzi expression vector has been constructed using sequences derived from the flanking regions of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) genes. The neomycln phosphotransferase (neor) gene was incorporated as a selectable marker. Using electroporatlon we have introduced this vector into both T.cruzl and Leishmania cells and conferred G418 resistance. Transformation is mediated by large extrachromosomal circular elements composed of head-to-tail tandem repeats of the vector. The transformed phenotype is stable for at least 6 months in the absence of G418 and can be maintained during passage through the T.cruzl ifecycle. Foreign genes Inserted into an expression site within the vector (pTEX) can be expressed at high levels In transformed cells. To our knowledge this paper describes the first trypanosome shuttle vector and the first vector which functions in both trypanosomes and Leishmania.Item Metadata only Guidelines for care of older people in nursing homes(RACGP, 1995) Darzins, A.Item Metadata only An Australian medical record linkage project(Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 1995) Marley, J.; Walker, D.Item Metadata only Health for All in South Australia: The historical context(Wakefield Press, 1995) Raftery, John; School of Population Health and Clinical Practice : Public HealthItem Metadata only Factors influencing the success of withdrawal of antihypertensive drug therapy(Blood Pressure, 1995) Jennings, G.; Reid, Catherine; Sudhir, K.; Laufer, E.; Korner, P.Item Metadata only The Social Construction of Anorexia Nervosa(Sage, 1995) Hepworth, Julie; School of Population Health and Clinical Practice : Public HealthItem Metadata only Terbinafine in toenail onychomycosis: A novel treatment protocol(C.V. Mosby, 1995) Watson, A.; Marley, J.; Ellis, D.; Williams, T.Item Metadata only The organised approach to cervical screening - Coordinating local general practitioner systems and newly established central registers(Australasian Medical Pub. Co., 1995) Beilby, J.; Wakefield, M.; Maddox, A.Item Metadata only Balancing the specialist forensic medical witness(Butterworth, 1995) McCleave, N. R.Item Metadata only Health policy development in the 1980s and 1990s(Wakefield Press, 1995) Raftery, John; School of Population Health and Clinical Practice : Public Health