Centre for Automotive Safety Research publications
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Item Metadata only Alcohol and road accidents in Australia: corroborative population-based evidence(1980) McMichael, Anthony John; McLean, Jack; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Alcohol and road safety(1980) McLean, Jack; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Alcohol, drugs and road accidents(1983) McLean, Jack; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only New ways to use the 1980 Abbreviated Injury Scale: a guide to evaluating threat to life(American Association for Automotive Medicine, 1983) Somers, R.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Motorcycle accidents in Nottinghamshire(1983) Woodward, Alistair J.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)This study draws on the motorcycle accident statistics routinely collected in Nottinghamshire,in order to describe the epidemiology of these accidents, and to identify areas in which the routine data might be improved. It was found that fatal motorcycle accidents in the county typically involve young men from Social Classes III M, IV and V, and occur in urban areas late at night. Alcohol is frequently involved and survival following the crash is usually brief. The statistics which are published routinely relate only to those accidents which are reported to the police, and there is marked under-recording of non-fatal accidents. The Coroners Reports provide a rich source of information about accident fatalities, but the reports are not produced in a standard form and shed no light on deaths which might have been prevented by better medical treatment. Routine linkage of the police and hospital records of road accident casualties should be the top priority in the campaign for better accident statistics. Record linkage could also be usefully extended to include data from insurance claims.Item Metadata only The probability of death score: a measure of injury severity for use in planning and evaluating accident prevention(Elsevier BV, 1983) Somers, R.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)This paper presents a number of new analytic options in using injury severity as a criterion in planning and evaluating accident prevention. Procedures are outlined for using the Abbreviated Injury Scale and the Probability of Death Score to describe injury severity in groups of trauma victims, to predict mortality and lost person years, to calculate activity risks and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of prevention. Cautions in the use of the Abbreviated Injury Scale are discussed as are the comparative advantages of injury severity scaling versus injury outcome measures.Item Metadata only The probability of death score: an improvement of the injury severity score(Elsevier BV, 1983) Somers, R.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Two large sets of data containing information on the injuries and survival status of traffic accident casualties were used to develop a summary injury score from the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The summary injury score, dubbed the Probability of Death Score (PODS), was based on a logistic regression model of the two highest AIS codes taken from a 19-category coding scheme. A third large set of trauma data was used to compare the statistical performance of the PODS to that of the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Several measures of predictive accuracy and goodness of fit demonstrated the relative advantage of the PODS over the ISS in characterizing the association between injury and death.Item Metadata only On the cost of repealing motorcycle helmet laws(American Public Health Association, 1983) Somers, R.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Transportation accidents: curriculum guidelines for the teaching of transportation safety in tertiary institutions(1984) McLean, Jack; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Head injuries in country and city - a study of hospital separations in South Australia(1984) Woodward, Alistair J.; Dorsch, Margaret M.; Simpson, Donald A.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)The incidence of head injury in South Australia was estimated from hospital separation (discharges, transfers and deaths) data for 1980 and 1981. The rate of hospital separation of patients with head injury in these years was high by international standards, and was 33% greater for country residents than for residents of the Adelaide metropolitan area. Marked differences in separation rates were observed between different age, sex and occupational groups. On the basis of indirect measures of injury severity, the injury severity threshold for admission to hospital with head injury appeared to be similar in country and city hospitals. An attempt was made to estimate the number of people seriously disabled by head injury each year. The findings raise questions about the concentration of acute surgical and long-term rehabilitation services in the city, at the expense of country areas; they also provide a starting point for further, analytical studies of head injury.Item Metadata only To drink but not to drive?(1984) McLean, Jack; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Do bicycle safety helmets reduce severity of head injury in real crashes?(Elsevier BV, 1984) Dorsch, M.; Woodward, A.; Somers, R.; Annual Conference of the American Association for Automotive Medicine (28th : 1984 : Denver, USA); Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Field studies(1984) McLean, Jack; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Neurological injuries in South Australia: the influence of distance on management and outcome(1984) Simpson, Donald A.; North, Brian; Gilligan, John Eugene; McLean, Jack; Woodward, Alistair J.; Antonio, John D.; Altree, Peter; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Investigation of head injury mechanisms(1984) Gibson, T. J.; McLean, Jack; McCaul, Kieran Anthony; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Alcohol and fatal injuries of the head and spine(1984) McLean, Jack; Antonio, John D.; North, J. B.; Simpson, Donald A.; Woodward, Alistair J.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only An examination of the crashworthiness of light forward control passenger vehicles(Road Accident Research Unit, 1984) Paix, B. R.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Once upon a time, it seemed, the average Australian car buyer had only to decide whether to purchase a Holden, Falcon or Valiant when buying the new family car. Now, a new type of passenger vehicle is becoming more and more popular as an alternative to the conventional passenger car. The conversion of light forward control commercial vans in to passenger vehicles is becoming increasingly common. This conversion is effected by fitting seats into the cargo area of the van. These vans are known as forward control vehicles because they do not possess a bonnet and engine bay extending out in front of the driver. Rather, the van driver sits above the front axle of the vehicle, usually with the engine beneath the front seats, and with the windscreen and front body work of the van forming a single vertical wall about a metre in front of the driver's' seat.Item Metadata only Developments in road safety: vehicle factors(Institution of Engineers Australia, 1984) Gibson, T. J.; McLean, Jack; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only Children in adult restraints(Elsevier, 1984) Somers, R.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)Item Metadata only The cost of rear-end collisions in Denmark and the potential savings from a high, center-mounted auxiliary brake light(Elsevier BV, 1984) Somers, R.; Hansen, A.; Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)The objective of this study was to determine the cost of rear-end collisions in Denmark, and to define the potential financial benefits of a high, center-mounted auxiliary brake light for automobiles. The study was limited to passenger cars struck from behind. The annual cost of two different preventive programs involving auxiliary brake lights was compared to the annual cost of the accidents expected to be prevented in each program. The finding was that rear-end collisions cost on average over 13,700 1980 Danish kroner (approx. US$2300), 70% of which was property damage. There are so many rear-end collisions that even if the new brake-light configuration were only one-third as effective in Denmark as it has been in U.S. field trials the mounting of required auxiliary lights would be a sound investment. Substantial savings would be anticipated whether the auxiliary brake lights were required on all passenger cars as of a particular date, or only on newly registered passenger cars, although the former preventive program is preferable by usual cost benefit criteria.