Centre of Expertise in Photonics publications
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Item Metadata only 24 channels x 10 GHz multiwavelength pulse source based on supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear holey fiber(IEEE, 2003) Yusoff, Z.; Teh, P.; Petropoulos, P.; Furusawa, K.; Belardi, W.; Monro, T.; Richardson, D.; Optical Fiber Communications Conference (2003 : Atlanta, USA)We demonstrate a multiwavelength pulse source which utilizes supercontinuum generated in a normally dispersive holey fiber and spectral slicing in an arrayed waveguide grating. All channels exhibit almost constant pulse width and excellent noise properties, as verified by bit-error-rate measurements.Item Open Access A full vectorial model for pulse propagation in emerging waveguides with subwavelength structures part I: Kerr nonlinearity(Optical Soc Amer, 2009) Afshar Vahid, S.; Monro, T.The propagation of pulses through waveguides with sub-wavelength features, inhomogeneous transverse structure, and high index contrast cannot be described accurately using existing models in the presence of nonlinear effects. Here we report the development of a generalised full vectorial model of nonlinear pulse propagation and demonstrate that, unlike the standard pulse propagation formulation, the z-component of guided modes plays a key role for these new structures, and results in generalised definitions of the nonlinear coefficient gamma, Aeff , and mode orthognality. While new definitions reduce to standard definitions in some limits, significant differences are predicted, including a factor of approximately 2 higher value for gamma, for emerging waveguides and microstructured fibers.Item Metadata only A fundamental study into the surface functionalization of soft glass microstructured optical fibers via silane coupling agents(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2009) Debs, J.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.; Quinton, J.; Monro, T.A method for the functionalization of surfaces within soft glass microstructured optical fibers has been developed, using self assembled monolayers (SAMs) of silane coupling agents. We demonstrate the use of measurements of the fiber capillary fill rate, as a positive test for a functionalized internal surface. A simple theoretical model is used for comparison with measured fill rates. During this work, adsorption kinetics for SAMs of octadecyltrichlororsilane onto lead silicate glass has been investigated. This work is a critically important first step for a plethora of applications in biophotonics, chemical fiber sensing as well offering promise for protecting fiber glass from degradation.Item Metadata only A high efficiency low threshold erbium-doped holey optical fiber laser(IEEE, 2003) Furusawa, K.; Sahu, J.; Monro, T.; Richardson, D.; Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/QELS) (2003 : Baltimore, USA)We report the first continuous wave operation of an erbium doped holey fiber laser with a slope efficiency as high as 57.3%, and with an absorbed pump power threshold as low as 0.55mW.Item Metadata only A lead silicate holey fibre with γ=1860 W⁻¹km⁻¹ at 1550 nm(Optical Society of Americal, 2005) Leong, J.; Petropoulos, P.; Asimakis, S.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.; Moore, R.; Frampton, K.; Finazzi, V.; Feng, X.; Price, J.; Monro, T.; Richardson, D.; OFC/NFOEC (2005 : Anaheim, California, USA); Karl Koch,Item Metadata only A novel approach to Bragg fibre bandgap analysis: Stratified planar anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides(IEEE, 2008) Rowland, K.; Afshar Vahid, S.; Monro, T.; Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT) (2008 : Sydney, Australia)We present a generalisation of the ARROW model, describing the topology and positions of novel features in Bragg stack bandgap spectra. Applications to Bragg bandgap fibres, including single-material hollow-core Bragg fibres, are discussed.Item Open Access Advances and limitations in the modelling of fabricated photonic bandgap fibers(IEEE, 2006) Poletti, F.; Petrovich, M.; Amezcua-Correa, R.; Broderick, N.; Monro, T.; Richardson, D.; Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (2006 : Anaheim, California)We model fabricated silica photonic bandgap fibers and achieve good agreement between simulated and measured properties. We identify the size of the SEM bitmap image as the ultimate limit to the accurate calculation of surfaces modes within the bandgapItem Open Access Advances in microstructured fiber technology(IEEE, 2005) Richardson, D.; Poletti, F.; Leong, J.; Feng, X.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.; Finazzi, V.; Frampton, K.; Asimakis, S.; Moore, R.; Baggett, J.; Hayes, J.; Petrovich, M.; Tse, M.; Amezcua, R.; Price, J.; Broderick, N.; Petropoulos, P.; Monro, T.; IEEE/LEOS workshop on fibres and optical passive components (4th: 2005 : Palermo, Italy); RivaSanseverino, S.; Artiglia, M.We review our recent progress in the area of microstructured fiber design, fabrication and applications with particular emphasis on the control of both the nonlinearity and dispersion.Item Metadata only An optical fibre protein sensor(IEEE, 2007) Schartner, E.; Ruan, Y.; Hoffmann, P.; Monro, T.; Joint International Conference on Optical Internet, 2007 and the 2007 32nd Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (June 2007 : Melbourne, Vic.)We demonstrate the detection of proteins utilizing fluorescent nanocrystals within an optical fibre. The protein concentration within an aqueous solution inside a soft glass microstructured optical fibre is measured using a new fluorescence capture sensing approach.Item Open Access Antibody immobilization within glass microstructured fibers: A route to sensitive and selective biosensors(Optical Soc Amer, 2008) Ruan, Y.; Foo, H.; Warren-Smith, S.; Hoffmann, P.; Moore, R.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.; Monro, T.Glass microstructured optical fibers have been rendered biologically active for the first time via the immobilization of antibodies within the holes in the fiber cross-section. This has been done by introducing coating layers to the internal surfaces of soft glass fibers. The detection of proteins that bind to these antibodies has been demonstrated experimentally within this system via the use of fluorescence labeling. The approach combines the sensitivity resulting from the long interaction lengths of filled fibers with the selectivity provided by the use of antibodies.Item Open Access Bandgaps and antiresonances in integrated-ARROWs and Bragg fibers; a simple model(Optical Soc Amer, 2008) Rowland, K.; Afshar Vahid, S.; Monro, T.We consider the spectral properties of dielectric waveguides with low refractive index cores and binary layered claddings, such as Bragg fibers and integrated-ARROWs. We show that the full, nontrivial, 2-D spectrum of Bloch bands (hence bandgaps) of such claddings correspond, in structure and topology, to the dispersion properties of both constituent layer types; quantitatively demonstrating an intimate relationship between the bandgap and antiresonance guidance mechanisms. The dispersion functions of these layers, and the interactions thereof, thus form what we coin the Stratified Planar Anti-Resonant Reflecting OpticalWaveguide (SPARROW) model, capable of quantitative, analytic, descriptions of many nontrivial bandgap and antiresonance properties. The SPARROW model is useful for the spectral analysis and design of Bragg fibers and integrated-ARROWs with cores of arbitrary refractive index (equal to or less than the lowest cladding index). Both waveguide types are of interest for sensing and microfluidic applications due to their natural ability to guide light within low-index cores, permitting low-loss guidance within a large range of gases and liquids. A liquid-core Bragg fiber is discussed as an example, demonstrating the applicability of the SPARROW model to realistic and important waveguide designs.Item Metadata only Beyond silica: New opportunities with soft glass microstructured optical fibres(2005) Monro, T.; TTCP Colloquium on Active and Passive Applications of Optical Fibres (2005 : Edinburgh, UK)Item Open Access Brillouin characterization of holey optical fibers(Optical Soc Amer, 2006) Furusawa, K.; Yusoff, Z.; Poletti, F.; Monro, T.; Broderick, N.; Richardson, D.We report the results of detailed measurements on the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS), gain bandwidth, and gain coefficients of several small-core holey optical fibers (HFs) of both uniform and axially varying structural characteristics and compare these with measurements on more conventional fibers. Our measurements show that the BFS of HFs is first-order proportional to the modal index for light propagating along the fiber and is thus extremely sensitive to its precise structural parameters. Our results highlight the possibility of using distributed Brillouin scattering measurements to perform nondestructive structural characterization of HFs, and the possibility of producing Brillouin-suppressed HFs using controlled structural variation along the fiber length.Item Open Access Brillouin suppression through longitudinal structural variation in high nonlinearity silica holey fibers(IEEE, 2006) Poletti, F.; Furusawa, K.; Yusoff, Z.; Petropoulos, P.; Broderick, N.; Monro, T.; Richardson, D.; Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (2006 : Anaheim, California)We consider longitudinal variation in the fiber structure as a method of increasing the Brillouin linewidth and threshold within high nonlinearity silica holey fibers. Strategies to control the associated variation in nonlinearity and dispersion along the fiber length are described.Item Open Access Broadband supercontinuum generation in an extremely nonlinear extruded lead silicate holey fiber using weak fs pulses(IEEE, 2005) Leong, J.; Petropoulos, P.; Price, J.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.; Asimakis, S.; Moore, R.; Frampton, K.; Finazzi, V.; Feng, X.; Monro, T.; Richardson, D.; Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (2005 : Tokyo, Japan)Broadband supercontinuum generation at 1.06 μm spanning > 1000 nm and extending to the visible is observed in a dispersion optimized holey fiber with a record-high nonlinearity (1860 W-1km-1 at 1.55 μm), for launched pulse energies < 100 pJ.Item Metadata only Correlation between the Brillouin and the structural parameters in holey optical fibers(IEEE, 2004) Furusawa, K.; Yusoff, Z.; Thomsen, B.; Monro, T.; Richardson, D.; CLEO/ IQEC 2004 (2004 : San Francisco, USA)We measure the correlation between the Brillouin characteristics and structural parameters of a holey fiber (HF). Our observations point to a means to perform high resolution non-destructive structural characterization along lengths of HF.Item Metadata only Corrosion sensing of aluminium alloys using exposed-core microstructured optical fibres(Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia, 2008) Warren-Smith, S.C.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.; Afshar, S.V.; Monro, T.M.; McAdam, G.; Davis, C.We report on recent work towards the development of a novel method for sensing the corrosion of aluminium alloys. This method involves measuring the presence of aluminium ions, a by-product of corrosion, using a new class of exposed-core microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) via fluorescence-based methods. This work builds on previous research where conventional optical fibres were utilised specifically for aluminium ion detection via the ultraviolet excitation of 8-hydroxyquinoline, an organic molecule that fluoresces when complexed with aluminium ions. Here we present modelling results and report on the initial fabrication of a new class of MOF which has a micron-scaled core that is partially exposed allowing for a direct interaction between the evanescent field and the sensing environment. Modelling results demonstrate that such fibres can provide both a strong interaction between the guided light and the material to be sensed, as well as efficient capture of the emitted fluorescence into the guided modes of the fibre. These optical fibres are fabricated from a soft-glass (lead-silicate) and thus preform fabrication can be achieved via extrusion. This allows complex structures to be fabricated, such as the large holes and micron-scaled core of the fibre design considered here. In this work we focus on using the organic dye lumogallion for fluorescence-based aluminium ion detection and show initial experimental results demonstrating proof-of-concept.Item Open Access Detection of quantum-dot labeled proteins using soft glass microstructured optical fibers(Optical Soc Amer, 2007) Ruan, Y.; Schartner, E.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.; Hoffmann, P.; Monro, T.The detection of quantum-dot labeled proteins is demonstrated within lead silicate soft glass microstructured optical fibers using near infrared light. The protein concentration is measured using a new fluorescence capture approach. Light guided within the fiber is used both to excite and collect fluorescent photons, and the detection limit achieved without optimization of the fiber geometry is 1 nM, using just 3% of the guided mode of the fiber. Issues that currently restrict the detection of lower protein concentrations are discussed.Item Metadata only Developments in soft glass microstructured fibres for sensing, nonlinear fibres and new transmission wavelengths(IEEE, 2007) Monro, T.; Joint International Conference on Optical Internet, 2007 and the 2007 32nd Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (24-27 June 2007 : Melbourne, Vic.)Progress in the development of soft glass microstructured fibres will be reviewed. Highlights including a novel sensing platform, fibres with extreme nonlinearity and fibres for mid-IR transmission and lasers will be presented.Item Open Access Efficient four-wave-mixing at 1.55 microns in a short-length dispersion shifted lead silicate holey fibre(Société de l'Electricité, de l'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communican, 2006) Asimakis, S.; Petropoulos, P.; Poletti, F.; Leong, J.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.; Moore, R.; Frampton, K.; Feng, X.; Loh, W.; Monro, T.; Richardson, D.; European Conference on Optical Communication (32nd : 2006 : Cannes, France)We demonstrate four-wave-mixing in a 2.2m-long dispersion-tailored lead-silicate holey fibre with a conversion efficiency of -6dB and a bandwidth of ~30nm. The potential of dispersion-optimised soft-glass holey fibres for such applications is also discussed.