3D-printed micro-axicon enables extended depth-of-focus intravascular optical coherence tomography in vivo

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dc.contributor.authorRuchka, P.
dc.contributor.authorKushwaha, A.
dc.contributor.authorMarathe, J.A.
dc.contributor.authorXiang, L.
dc.contributor.authorChen, R.
dc.contributor.authorKirk, R.
dc.contributor.authorTan, J.T.M.
dc.contributor.authorBursill, C.A.
dc.contributor.authorVerjans, J.
dc.contributor.authorThiele, S.
dc.contributor.authorFitridge, R.
dc.contributor.authorMcLaughlin, R.A.
dc.contributor.authorPsaltis, P.J.
dc.contributor.authorGiessen, H.
dc.contributor.authorLi, J.
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionPublished online Mar. 3, 2025.
dc.description.abstractA fundamental challenge in endoscopy is how to fabricate a small fiber-optic probe that can achieve comparable function to devices with large, complicated optics. To achieve high resolution over an extended depth of focus (DOF), the application of needle-like beams has been proposed. However, existing methods for miniaturized needle-beam designs fail to adequately correct astigmatism and other monochromatic aberrations, limiting the resolution of at least one axis. Here, we describe an approach to realize freeform beam-shaping endoscopic probes via two-photon polymerization three-dimensional (3D) printing. We present a design achieving <8μm lateral resolution with a DOF of ∼800μm. The probe has a diameter of <260μm (without the torque coil and catheters) and is fabricated using a single printing step directly on the optical fiber. The probe was successfully utilized for intravascular imaging in living diabetic swine at multiple time points, as well as human atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a 3D-printed micro-optic for in vivo imaging of the coronary arteries. These results are a substantial step to enable the clinical adoption of both 3D-printed micro-optics and beam-tailoring devices.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityPavel Ruchka, Alok Kushwaha, Jessica A. Marathe, Lei Xiang, Rouyan Chen, Rodney Kirk, Joanne T. M. Tan, Christina A. Bursill, Johan Verjans, Simon Thiele, Robert Fitridge, Robert A. McLaughlin, Peter J. Psaltis, Harald Giessen, and Jiawen Li
dc.identifier.citationAdvanced Photonics, 2025; 7(2):026003-1-026003-10
dc.identifier.doi10.1117/1.ap.7.2.026003
dc.identifier.issn2577-5421
dc.identifier.issn2577-5421
dc.identifier.orcidXiang, L. [0009-0007-4495-047X]
dc.identifier.orcidChen, R. [0000-0002-7323-8699]
dc.identifier.orcidTan, J.T.M. [0000-0003-1875-4882]
dc.identifier.orcidBursill, C.A. [0000-0002-0682-8760] [0000-0003-1087-7781]
dc.identifier.orcidFitridge, R. [0000-0001-6258-5997]
dc.identifier.orcidMcLaughlin, R.A. [0000-0001-6947-5061]
dc.identifier.orcidPsaltis, P.J. [0000-0003-0222-5468]
dc.identifier.orcidLi, J. [0000-0001-8818-6070]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/144297
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSPIE; Chinese Laser Press
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/2022337
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/2001646
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/2008462
dc.rights© The Authors. Published by SPIE and CLP under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.7.2.026003
dc.subjectoptical coherence tomography; two-photon polymerization three-dimensional printing; intravascular imaging; beam shaping; Bessel beam
dc.title3D-printed micro-axicon enables extended depth-of-focus intravascular optical coherence tomography in vivo
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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