The role of genes and environment in human dental arch shape - a twin study
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Date
2024
Authors
Lin, T.-H.
Meade, M.
Hughes, T.E.
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2024, vol.183, iss.Suppl. 77, pp.102-102
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Ting-Han Lin, Maurice Meade and Toby E. Hughes
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Annual Meeting of the American Association of Biological Anthropologists (AABA) (20 Mar 2024 - 23 Mar 2024 : Los Angeles, California)
Abstract
Objective: To assess the contribution of genes to shape variation in permanent dental arches of individuals of Western European descent. Methods: Subjects consisted of dental casts from 64 monozygotic and 38 dizygotic twins, housed in the Adelaide Dental School, Australia. Subjects were of Western European descent, with a mean age of 19.4 ± 5.4 years. Casts were scanned digitally, and landmarks placed cusp tips of teeth. Geometric morphometrics were applied to examine shape variation within arch. Two-block partial least squares analysis was used to assess shape covariation between arches. Structural equation modelling was utilised to decompose shape variation into genetic and environmental components. Results: The ܪrst three principal components (PCs) of the maxillary and mandibular arch accounted for 53% and 50% of variation in shape space, respectively. PCs represented shape variability as follows: PC1 - arch depth-width ratio; PC2 - arch taper, canine position (and ܪrst premolar rotation for the mandibular arch); PC3 - incisor displacement and rotation. A model incorporating additive genetic and unique environmental factors optimally explained the observed variation for all PCs. Variation in maxillary and mandibular arch shapes exhibited moderate to high heritability (0.61-0.74). Upper and lower dental arches had strong and signiܪcant shape covariation, with high heritability in their reciprocal inܫuences on shape (h2 = 0.72~0.74, rpls coefܪcient= 0.87, p<0.05).Conclusion: In this cohort, dental arch shape variation was predominantly inܫuenced by genetic factors. This information may help underpin the shape of the dental arches as a useful measure of evolutionary change.
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