Chester Schultz Southern Kaurna Place Names
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On behalf of Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi and in the interests of the whole Aboriginal community of this region, Chester Schultz is engaging in detailed research into the meaning and local context of Kaurna place names at particular locations. His study results have been published successively at the KWP web page https://www.adelaide.edu.au/kwp/placenames/research-publ/, and now also at this Library site by courtesy of KWP. These essays are addressed in the first place to the Aboriginal community via their own serious researchers and those collaborating with them in the retrieval of Aboriginal history and culture. The hope of the author and KWP is that they will absorb the information here, add to it, correct it, and spread it around for the nourishment and strengthening of their community.
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Browsing Chester Schultz Southern Kaurna Place Names by Title
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Item Open Access Anacotilla(Chester Schultz, 2019-07-22) Schultz, ChesterItem Open Access ‘Ask the right question, then look everywhere:(Chester Schultz, 2017) Schultz, Chester‘Ask the right question, then look everywhere: Finding and interpreting the old Aboriginal place-names around Adelaide and Fleurieu Peninsula.’Item Open Access Brukangga and Tindale's uses of the word bruki(Chester Schultz, 2018-10-26) Schultz, ChesterAt the date of last editing (above), we can be fairly sure that in times of first contact ‘Brookunga’ (phonetic spelling Brukangga) was an ‘outsider’ name for a deposit of iron pyrites in the southern Mt Lofty Ranges; it was on Section 5279, Hundred of Kanmantoo; and it meant ‘place of fire’, with a secondary reference to pyrites. However, none of these propositions is yet proved beyond all reasonable doubt. The name was first drawn to public attention in 1952 as a new name officially bestowed on a new settlement on Section 5279 for workers at the proposed Nairne Pyrites Mine. The Nomenclature Committee reported that “during the original survey” of this area the name “Brookunga” had been recorded on “a creek running through the section” (i.e. Dawesley Creek, which also contained the northern part of the large pyrites deposit); or perhaps on “the creek running through the area”. After consultation with NB Tindale and the Mt Barker District Council, the name was gazetted in the spelling “Brukunga”.Item Open Access 'Coorara' (Morphett Vale)(Chester Schultz, 2013-03-26) Schultz, Chester‘Coorara’ is not a Kaurna word. As the name of a railway stopping place on the former Willunga line, it was selected (probably from Taplin 1879) and approved by the Nomenclature Committee on 12th November 1935. It has also been used as a name for homesteads in the Southeast and elsewhere.Item Open Access Cow-e-o-lon-ga / Cowie-orlunga(Chester Schultz, 2016-08-30) Schultz, ChesterThe name of a site a kilometre or so north of McLaren Vale town was recorded at first contact as “Cow-e-o-lon-ga” and “Cowie-orlunga”. This name is clearly Kaurna, as it uses the standard Kaurna Locative ngga ‘at’, and follows the rules for its use. But its spelling and meaning are uncertain. The compound root word could be any combination of a first morpheme kauwi ‘water’ OR kauwa ‘steep [place], cliff’, with a second morpheme yarla ‘calf of the leg’ OR yurlu ‘face, forehead’.Item Open Access ‘Cowyrlanka’ / ?Kauwiyarlungga (Second Valley)(Chester Schultz, 2020-01-26) Schultz, ChesterIn 1838 the explorer Stephen Hack, travelling on foot from Adelaide to Encounter Bay, Rapid Bay and back, twice recorded a Kaurna place-name as “Cowyrlanka”, “about one mile” north of Rapid Bay. No doubt he heard it from a Kaurna-speaking Aboriginal guide. The name certainly refers to the mouth area and/or lower valley of the Parananacooka River at Second Valley (roughly Sections 1553, 1554, and 1567). Hack’s spelling certainly represents a Kaurna compound word, one of a number of possibilities which are very hard to decide between. In a balance between linguistic and landscape interpretations, the most likely are Kauwi-yarlungga (‘place of fresh water and sea’) or Kauwayarlungga (‘place of cliffs and sea’), both of which would make clear references to features of the place. The place was on the well-used Aboriginal route between major campsites to the north at Yarnauwingga (Wirrina Cove area) and Yarnkalyilla (mouth of the Yankalilla River), 3 and 10 km respectively, and to the south at Yarta-kurlangga (Rapid Bay, 3 km on foot over the ridges). ‘Cowyrlanka’ offered a very good freshwater pool or tiny lagoon at the river mouth, fed by springs around the Parananacooka River upstream, and bordered by useful reeds and rushes; a small shallow bay ideal for net-fishing, as shown in the famous painting by George French Angas in 1844; a magnificent fire-managed hunting ground nearby in the grassy valley; sheltered campsites on or immediately above the beach; and good lookout sites nearby on the high cliffs.Item Open Access Daringa / Taringga(Chester Schultz, 2016-08-30) Schultz, ChesterTaringga (linguistically the same as Daringga in Kaurna language) may have been the Kaurna name for a site at or very near to the old ‘Daringa’ homestead which still stands off Kangarilla Rd next to Oxenberry Farm Wines and the Rail Trail. But this is so only if Tarangga and Taringga were separate names applying to separate places – and there is a high probability that both of the earliest records (‘Tarranga’ and ‘Daringa’) originated from the same word spoken by Kaurna survey guides in 1839.Item Open Access The Geography of language groups around Fleurieu Peninsula at first contact(Chester Schultz, 2017) Schultz, ChesterThe Geography of language groups around Fleurieu Peninsula at first contact, from the evidence of the earliest place-names. Revised 18/10/2017Item Open Access Ingkalilla(Chester Schultz, 2016-03-23) Schultz, ChesterIngkalilla is the Kaurna name of a site or area in the vicinity of Hay Flat plain and the part of Waterfall Creek which runs through it. It was recorded by the first surveyors in 1839 as ‘Ingullilla’. The meaning of the name is unknown, apart from the Kaurna suffix -illa ‘at’. The name has also been adapted in later decades and used for the Ingalalla Falls on a steep upper reach of Waterfall Creek under Mt Hayfield.Item Open Access Introduction to Kaurna Place Names essays project(2017-11-06) Schultz, ChesterItem Open Access Itjikawingga (Second Valley)(Chester Schultz, 2013-02-04) Schultz, Chester‘Itji-kawingga’ is a Kaurna name which Tindale, and perhaps his Ngarrindjeri informant Albert Karlowan, applied to the springs and associated campsite on Sections 1563-4 at Second Valley, a short distance northwest of the main road on the River Parananacooka. Tindale probably related it to ‘Jaitjakawengga Reserve’. However, ‘Itji-kawingga’ and its original do not apply here (unless it is an unknown generic name). The name was recorded originally by the first surveyors in 1839 on the headwaters of Nowhere Else Creek near Delamere.Item Open Access ?Ityi-Kauwingga (Nowhere Else Creek)(Chester Schultz, 2013-05-09) Schultz, ChesterItyi-kauwingga (also optionally Ityi-kauwe) is probably the correct spelling of the Kaurna name recorded in 1839 by the first surveyors as ‘Ichicouinga’ on the upper reach of Nowhere Else Creek, just over the ridge north of Delamere. The common Kaurna morpheme kauwe ‘water’ identifies it as a fresh-water site. It is the small wetland on Section 1527, at the junction of Nowhere Else Creek with some tributary creek gullies, about 1.5 km northwest of the main road at the Rapid Bay turnoff. There is no known meaning for ityi.Item Open Access Kadlatiyangga(Chester Schultz, 2021-07-19) Schultz, ChesterKadlatiangga (New Spelling Kadlatiyangga) was the ‘Kaurna’-Miyurna name adopted in 1849-50 for John Heathcote’s station in Wattle Flat, in the Anglicized spelling ‘Cudlatiyunga’. It had probably been obtained by the first surveyors in 1840 from ‘Kaurna’-Miyurna guides, who would have applied it to an unknown site on the station or nearby. Although Heathcote received no official land grants until 1851 and we do not yet know exactly where his station was in the 1840s, it may have been on Section 417, Hundred of Myponga,1 immediately north of the Bowyer Bridge crossing at Carrickalinga Creek. The name means ‘gap-tooth place’; but we do not know what this referred to: possibly a nearby feature of the landscape, or an unrecorded Dreaming story, or both.Item Open Access Kadlitiya and Kadliti'-Pari(Chester Schultz, 2020-09-30) Schultz, ChesterKadli-tiya was the Kaurna name of a site somewhere in the immediate vicinity of Gawler town, probably near to or the same place as Kadliti’-parri, which was probably located at the campsite and waterhole near the ford on the South Para River at Dead Man’s Pass Reserve. Kadli-tiya could be abridged to Kadl’iya. These names mean ‘dingo tooth’ and ‘dingo-tooth river’.Item Open Access ?Kangkarrartingga (River Congeratinga)(Chester Schultz, 2019-07-22) Schultz, ChesterThe earliest explicit record of this name was the ‘River Congeratinga’ marked on the first maps based on the work of the first surveyors of District D (around Yankalilla) in 1840. However, there is indirect evidence to suggest that Samuel Stephens in 1838 might have obtained the name ‘Congerati’ somewhere in District D, even though he wrote only of ‘Conderati’ (see Appendix). The ‘Yankalilla Surveys used Aboriginal guides, probably hired in Adelaide, who no doubt gave the name; and Stephens presumably likewise. The word must be in Kaurna language, since it ends with the standard Kaurna Locative ngga (‘at, place of’). The root noun represented by ‘Congerati’ is unknown in any local language as it stands; but must be a Compound of two words, probably also contracted (since no known vocabulary fits the whole word as it is). Among several possible but uncertain etymologies, the most likely is Kanggarri-karti, contracted to Kanggarr’arti, ‘human birthing blood’ (New Spelling 2010 Kangkarrikarti, Kangkarr’arti).Item Open Access Kanyanyapilla(Chester Schultz, 2013-02-25) Schultz, ChesterKanyanyapilla is the Kaurna name of a campsite on the rising ground south of Maslin Creek, on the east side of California Road near the California Road Wetland. The name was recorded by the first surveyors in 1839 and used for a few years by the first settlers for the inland reaches of Maslin Creek. It is clearly a Kaurna word, but there are several possibilities for its meaning, with no way of choosing between them.Item Open Access Karrawadlungga(Chester Schultz, 2020-08-13) Schultz, ChesterIn 1839 William Williams (Colonial Storekeeper in Adelaide) recorded “Cur-ra-ud-lon-ga” as the name of “Lyndoch valley” (presumably a site somewhere within it, between the town of Lyndoch and the end of the valley near Williamstown). He almost certainly obtained it while interpreting for a police expedition in April 1839 which was tracking members of the ‘Wirra tribe’ who had murdered shepherd Duffield at Teatree Gully. It is a Kaurna word, using the standard Locative ngga; but its meaning is uncertain, especially because the interpretation of Williams’ written letter ‘o’ is ambiguous. It might very likely be Karrawadlungga, ‘place of underbrush and shrubs’, i.e. low understorey in a forest. But it could also be Karra-wadlangga, ‘place of fallen redgum trees’ or ‘place of high deadwood’; or Karrawadlhangga, ‘place of redgums and wallabies’. However, it was probably not a genuine place-name of the occupants of that territory, the ‘Wirra tribe’, who were not necessarily Kaurna speakers. It was probably a Kaurna generic name for that kind of country, given by trackers including Kadlitpinna (‘Captain Jack’), who belonged to country further south.Item Open Access Karrawatungga(Chester Schultz, 2021-07-01) Schultz, ChesterKarrawatungga was a ‘Kaurna’-Miyurna name recorded in the 1840s with a variety of spellings by four settlers (John Clarke, the Boord brothers, George Foreman and John Heathcote senior). They all used it to refer to the locality which they were occupying between Myponga valley and the Yankalilla plain, i.e. the northern half of the valley now known as Wattle Flat, covering the vicinity of Sections 410 northeast to 495, Hundred of Myponga. 1 The exact location of the original Kaurna site is unknown.Item Open Access Kauwa-Yarlungga (Myponga Beach)(Chester Schultz, 2019-03-00) Schultz, ChesterKauwa-yerlongga (Kauwa-yarlungga in KWP New Spelling 2010), meaning ‘place of cliffs and sea’, is probably the correct interpretation of the Kaurna name for the vicinity of the Myponga river estuary at Myponga Beach, with its wetland and cliffs, on Sections 687, 688 and 683 (Hundred of Myponga). It was recorded as “Coweyalunga” in 1850, “Cowiealunga” in the 1870s, and “Coweelunga” in 1887. The last of these (incorrectly suggesting a four-syllable word rather than five) was probably a mis-transcription of the lost original record by surveyors in 1840, who must have obtained it from their Kaurna-speaking guides. Kauwayarlungga has been neglected in the literature of place-names and Aboriginal history; but it seems to have been a significant destination in its own right, a focus for travel routes from the north, south and east. It was used for sheltered camping, fishing (with a rocky shore for shellfish), for corroborees, and (it is said) had a burial site. It was one of the campsites used by Aboriginal people in their spring and summer movement up the Gulf coast following the fish runs (bream, mullet, salmon and mulloway).Item Open Access Kauwe-Marnilla(Chester Schultz, 2013-04-14) Schultz, ChesterKauwe-marnilla is a Kaurna descriptive phrase, perhaps also a place-name, for waterholes on the tributaries of Field River in the vicinity of Old Reynella or Happy Valley. By 1840 it had been recorded as ‘Cowie Manilla’. It means ‘two good waters’.