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Item Metadata only Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM): 2017/18 South Australia Report(Department of Industry and Skills, South Australia, 2019) Steffens, P.; Omarova, A.; O'Connor, A.; Department of State Development, South Australia ; Office of Premier and Cabinet, South Australia ; City of AdelaideItem Metadata only A methodology to support early stage off-the-shelf naval vessel acquisitions(Royal Institution of Naval Architects, 2018) Morris, B.; Cook, S.; Cannon, S.This paper describes a research programmeto construct a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology thatsupportsacquiringorganisations in the early stages of Off-the-Shelf (OTS) naval vesselacquisitions. Astructured approach to design and requirements definition activities hasbeen incorporated into the methodology to provide an easily implemented, reusableapproach thatsupportsdefensible acquisition of OTS naval vesselsthrough traceability of decisions. The methodology comprises two main parts.Firstly,a design space is developed from the capability needs using Set-Based Designprinciples, Model-Based Conceptual Design,and Design Patterns.A key idea is to employ Concept and Requirements Explorationto trim the design space to the region of OTS designs most likely to meet the needs. This region can be used to specifyRequest for Tender (RFT)requirements. Secondly, the methodology supports trades-off between the OTSdesign options proposed in the RFT responses using a multi-criteria decision makingmethod.The paper includes anexampleimplementation of the methodology for an indicative Offshore Patrol Vessel capability.Item Metadata only A capability engineering lifecycle framework based on insights from Australian Defence(Wiley, 2020) Cook, S.C.; Unewisse, M.H.The Australian Department of Defence is actively pursuing initiatives to improve the integration and interoperability of the defence force and this paper reports on research findings produced in support of this effort. The paper opens with a description of the Australian Defence capability development context together with recent initiatives to provide greater military capability for the available budget. Within this context, the problem the researchers set out to address is how best to co-ordinate the ongoing force Integration and Interoperability (I2) activities that evolve and deliver defence capabilities so that these capabilities can be integrated together at short notice and deployed. System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) approaches have been found to be effective for this class of problem and the paper provides a short review of the most promising candidates. The methodology needs analysis that follows concludes that a range of different SoS approaches will be needed to cover the different stages of the capability lifecycle and the paper then proceeds to describe an initial framework that provides a new way of looking at the defence Integrated Capability Realisation (ICR) SoSE challenge across two dimensions. The first dimension is the time horizon of the planned capability increment: from the present to around four years; four to eight years; eight to twelve years; and longer than twelve years. The second dimension covers the types of activities that are traditionally performed to evolve defence forces such as future force planning, program co-ordination and planning, project capability definition, acquisition, and force generation. The paper describes how this framework provides a simple method to identify which SoSE approaches are the most applicable to given ICR subtasks and also proposes an overall approach to self-organise overall Defence ICR effortsItem Metadata only Considering risks in early stage investment planning for emission abatement technologies in large combustion plants(Elsevier, 2017) Mayer, C.; Breun, P.; Schultmann, F.Fossil fuels will continue to be the most important energy source for electricity generation in most parts of the world for the next decades. Therefore emission abatement technologies in large combustion plants are an important measure to reduce the emission of pollutants and to lower the negative effects thereof for humans, animals and the environment. Investment decisions for emission reduction measures are, however, facing various kinds of risks and uncertainties, caused by political, technological, economic and legal influences. The consideration of these risks in early stage investment planning is often complex yet important for investors. This paper investigates the possibilities to consider risks and uncertainties in early stage investment and cost calculation methodologies of different complexity. The real options analysis is presented as well as less complex methods, such as Monte-Carlo or sensitivity analyses that lower the calculation effort. The application of a specifically developed risk portfolio is recommended before quantitatively investigating risks. This portfolio helps to identify the most critical risks and to focus on them, reducing again the calculation effort. The presented approach is not only of interest for investors, but also for policies, especially if data is scarce or uncertainties exist regarding specific plant parameters or cost and price components. The content of this paper is presented using the example of nitrogen oxide emission reduction measures. It is, however, possible, to transfer the results to other pollutants or technologies in a related context.Item Metadata only Use of the goal structuring notation to argue technical integrity(Wiley on behalf of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2017) Simmonds, S.; Cook, S.T.E.P.H.E.N.; 27th Annual INCOSE International Symposium (IS) (15 Jul 2017 - 20 Jul 2017 : Adelaide, Australia)The Australian Defence Force currently uses three separate technical regulatory frameworks, one for each of the services. These are each concerned with accepting materiel – Land, Aerospace or Naval – into Australian Service. These technical regulatory frameworks use similar terminology and conceptually are based upon a similar model of design assurance – in particular the concept of Design Acceptance. Design Acceptance is a process that (among other things) examines the system in terms of its functions, construction, and ability to be safely used and maintained through its service life. The Design Acceptance process has the goal of ensuring a design, sourced from a design agency, has met its specification as determined by verification, has been developed by competent personnel within the design agency, and as part of that development, has been subjected to independent review and certification. Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) is a means to produce a sound argument based upon evidence of the satisfaction of the above criteria. Using GSN, the assurance argument presented to the technical regulator can be partitioned such that the elements of a Design Acceptance argument can be built up over time, and can address the critical elements of the argument appropriately. This paper provides an introduction to the application of the GSN to formulating a Design Acceptance argument and, in particular, its application to a Technical Integrity argument.Item Metadata only A principles framework to inform defence SoSE methodologies(Springer, 2018) Pratt, J.; Cook, S.; Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) (23 Mar 2017 - 25 Mar 2017 : Los Angeles); Madni, A.; Boehm, B.; Ghanem, R.; Erwin, D.; Wheaton, M.This paper is concerned with codifying the principles for successful system of systems engineering (SoSE) practice. The purpose of the codification is manifold but the initial focus is to support the design and utilization of system of systems engineering (SoSE) methodologies. The paper opens with a description of the problem context, defence capability engineering, and then moves on to describe an IDEF0 depiction of the inputs, controls and mechanisms needed to undertake a SoSE methodology design and utilization process; one of which is the set SoSE principles. Earlier work by the authors uncovered a substantial set of such principles and this paper concentrates on how to structure them to reduce the number needing consideration at any one time. The derivation of a three-layer framework designed to hold the principles follows. The framework comprises an articulation of the worldview which makes SoSE meaningful, the concepts that drive SoSE methodology design and use (descriptive heuristics) and implementation principles (prescriptive heuristics).The paper concludes with an outline of the content of the framework and suggestions for how it can be employed for its stated purpose.Item Metadata only Introducción de la anchoa en el mercado brasileño(Universidad ESAN, 2008) Garcia Reyes, E.; Mongó, M.; Culquicóndor, N.; Huasasquiche, P.; Urbina, J.La presente investigación propone un sistema de acción económicamente viable para la incursión de la pequeña empresa en la exportación de la anchoa del Perú al mercado brasileño de Sao Paulo y de ciudades de la ruta interoceánica. Se ha considerado este producto por las potencialidades del litoral peruano, que actualmente lo ubican como segundo sector industrial generador de divisas para el país, y por la existencia de una gran biomasa de anchoveta, cuya captura alcanza los cinco millones de toneladas métricas anuales. Se eligió Brasil porque la ruta interoceánica abre nuevos mercados o canales de distribución, en especial con los estados o federaciones brasileñas que se encuentran cerca de la frontera; además porque este país es un mercado de 189 millones de habitantes y es la novena economía del mundo. En vista de que los esfuerzos para internacionalizarse de pequeños y microempresarios son diferentes a los de las grandes empresas y corporaciones nacionales, nuestras herramientas de análisis tienen que ser moldeadas según su realidad, los desafíos que afrontan diariamente y su forma de operar. Para complementar las decisiones de inversión de los pequeños empresarios que quieren conquistar mercados extranjeros y aprovechar la integración peruano-brasileña, se ha propuesto una secuencia lógica de acciones que intenta mostrar cómo estas decisiones pueden terminar en negocios consolidados y económicamente viables, aun con las restricciones presupuestarias que enfrenta un pequeño empresario peruano.Item Metadata only Managing customer resource endowments and deficiencies for value cocreation: complex relational services(SAGE Publications, 2019) Ng, S.; Sweeney, J.; Plewa, C.The resources that customers have and are able to contribute or utilize may influence, shape, and determine the support that they receive from service providers. Yet, there is limited knowledge on the types of resources customers bring into the service process, that is, customer resource endowments and deficiencies, and how these relate to the service offered by providers. This study thus investigates the interplay and mobilization of specific resources between the customer and the service provider. Drawing on data from two online surveys in the financial planning and health-care contexts, the results demonstrate the fit between customer competencies measured in terms of sense of ownership, personal commitment, time availability, perceived complexity of situation, service-related skills, education, risk tolerance, and economic resources and the various service provider styles for value cocreation. Specifically, the discriminant maps show that service provider styles can best be differentiated not on the basis of a particular type of resource (i.e., physical, cultural, or economic) but rather according to a constellation of customer resource endowments and deficiencies. The insights provide unique opportunities for organizations to tailor support to customers’ resources and thus enhance value cocreation efforts.Item Metadata only System dynamics modelling process in water sector: a review of research literature(Wiley, 2018) Zarghami, S.; Gunawan, I.; Schultmann, F.Abstract not availableItem Metadata only The role of command-and-control management and governance in systems engineering(Wiley on behalf of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2017) Gorod, A.; Hallo, L.; Nguyen, T.; Annual INCOSE International Symposium (15 Jul 2017 - 20 Jul 2017 : Adelaide, Australia)Command‐and‐control management has traditionally been the primary methodology used in Systems Engineering (SE) to manage systems. However, even though command‐and‐control has a significant and important role in managing traditional systems, it lacks adaptability and flexibility in dealing with complex systems. A general understanding exists that systems differ in terms of their typology and several different typologies have been proposed in order to assist systems engineers to distinguish between various types of systems. Since different types of systems require different management approaches, the governance method has been recently introduced in SE as a potentially more effective management style for certain types of systems, especially complex adaptive systems. This paper addresses issues faced by systems engineers in choosing whether to apply command‐and‐control management or governance in a particular situation. Additionally, it includes information about different criteria and a profiling methodology. These can be used to help practitioners to differentiate between system types and suggest the appropriate type of management style to apply to a given system. Two cases are presented to illustrate the application of both management approaches under differing degrees of complexity.Item Metadata only Paradox: Holarchical view of system of systems engineering management(IEEE, 2008) Gorod, A.; Sauser, B.; Boardman, J.; IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (2 Jun 2008 - 4 Jun 2008 : Singapore)This paper focuses on a method of developing a framework for effective System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) management.While developing the management process in dealing with SoSE, we are searching for ways to engineer multiple integrated complex systems, which can be concurrently, highly emergent and effectively governable. The authors propose to utilize the "holarchical view" methodology to identify and examine this essential phenomenon of paradoxes of SoSE management. The proposed method is based on the Boardman-Sauser five distinguishing characteristics of Autonomy, Belonging, Connectivty, Diversity, and Emergence. The outcome of this research would influence further studies on the topic and greatly contribute to the SoSE body of knowledge.Item Open Access Innovations for sustainable biomass utilisation in the Upper Rhine Region(KIT Scientific Publishing, 2017) Schumacher, K.; Fichtner, W.; Schultmann, F.This book provides insight into the project 'OUI Biomasse' by summarising selected results. The major goal was the development of a knowledge-based sustainable biomass strategy for the transition of the energy system of the Upper Rhine Region. The 'OUI Biomasse' network studied all aspects of the biomass value chain to come up with development scenarios, analyse their potential impact in terms of sustainability criteria and to draft guidelines for the sustainable use of biomass.Item Metadata only Collaborative emergency supply chains for essential goods and services(Springer, 2018) Wiens, M.; Schätter, F.; Zobel, C.; Schultmann, F.; Feteke, A.; Fiedrich, F.Focal actors in disaster relief logistics are predominantly public authorities, emergency organizations, and NGOs, whereas private firms rather play a subordinate role—at least in the context of direct crisis intervention. Although it is entirely clear that engaging in public crisis management is not among the original tasks of commercial firms there is a substantial—and so far still unexploited—potential for public–private cooperation in a disaster situation. In this contribution, we outline the scope of a Public–Private Emergency Collaboration (PPEC) with a focus on the provision of essential goods and services. We discuss the different objectives and strategies of the partners and evaluate the potential for a PPEC for each phase of a disaster from an economic perspective with a primary focus on logistics operations. Based on a simple model, we identify the chance to improve crisis management operations by information sharing and coordinated allocation of resources and capacities for both the escalating and de-escalating phase of a disaster. Interestingly, a PPEC can also help to overcome public acceptance problems which could be occasionally observed in historic disasters. As key requirements of a PPEC, we identify a clear allocation of responsibilities between the public and the private partners together with sufficient incentives for commercial firms to engage in a PPEC on a sustainable basis.Item Open Access Integrating innovation: South Australian entrepreneurship systems and strategies(University of Adelaide Press, 2015) Roos, G.; O'Connor, A.South Australia is a small economy that faces a fundamental need to re-shape its approach to innovation. The manufacturing sector, as the backbone of the state’s economy, has and will continue to change in its nature and form. This necessitates a re-think about how innovation happens and how the respective actors within an economy interact and engage with each other. In effect, innovation relies on intersections between people, knowledge, information sharing, ideas, financial and other resources. Innovation happens through regional social and economic system dynamics; innovation relies on a system view of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship can be taken as a study of the entrepreneur and new business creation. However, this conception of entrepreneurship misses the critical link to economic outcomes; the ebb and flow of social and economic fortunes that are underpinned by the actions, reactions and engagement of individuals in a specific social and economic system that brings about innovation and change. In this book the authors are exploring how the linkages within the system can be conceptualised and made transparent.Item Metadata only Entrepreneurship and advancing national level economic efficiency(Springer, 2018) du, K.; O Connor, A.We explore the channels under which entrepreneurship fosters productivity by disentangling its impact on national level economic efficiency and find that more entrepreneurship in aggregate is not always good for economic growth and, most importantly, identifying the form and activity of entrepreneurship is critical for policy-makers to better manage changes in their economies. Our national level results also suggest that the new product entrepreneurship and to a lesser extent improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurship both significantly contribute to the improvement of national level efficiency. However, both measures would benefit from further development and it seems a higher coincidence of both is more likely to advance a nation’s economic efficiency.Item Metadata only Deconstruction project planning of existing buildings based on automated acquisition and reconstruction of building information(Elsevier, 2018) Volk, R.; Luu, T.; Mueller-Roemer, J.; Sevilmis, N.; Schultmann, F.During their lifecycles, buildings are changed and adapted to the requirements of generations of users, residents and proprietaries over several decades. At the end of their life time, buildings undergo either retrofit or deconstruction (and replacement) processes. And, modifications and deviations of the original building structure, equipment and fittings as well as the deterioration and contamination of buildings are often not well documented or only available in an outdated and unstructured way. Thus, in many existing buildings, incomplete, obsolete or fragmented building information is predominating and hampering retrofit and deconstruction project planning. To plan change or deconstruction measures in existing buildings, buildings are audited manually or with stationary laser scans which requires great effort of skilled staff and expensive equipment. Furthermore, current building information models or deconstruction planning systems are often not able to deal with incomplete building information as it occurs in existing buildings. We develop a combined system named ResourceApp of a hardware sensor with software modules for building information acquisition, 3D reconstruction, object detection, building inventory generation and optimized project planning. The mobile and wearable system enables planner, experts or decision makers to inspect a building and at the same time record, analyze, reconstruct and store the building digitally. For this purpose, a Kinect sensor acquires point clouds and developed algorithms analyze them in real-time to detect construction elements. From this information, a 3D building model and building inventory is automatically derived. Then, the generated building reconstruction information is used for optimized project planning with a solution algorithm of the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP) at hand. In contrast to existing approaches, the system allows mobile building recording during building walkthrough, real-time reconstruction and object detection. And, based on the automatically captured and processed building conditions by sensor data, the system performs an integrated project planning of the building deconstruction with available resources and the required decontamination and deconstruction activities. Furthermore, it optimizes time and cost considering secondary raw material recovery, usage of renewable resources, staff qualification, onsite logistics, material storage and recycling options. Results from field tests on acquisition, reconstruction and deconstruction planning are presented and discussed in an extensive non-residential case study. The case study shows that the building inventory masses are quite well approximated and project planning works well based on the chosen methods. Nevertheless, future testing and parameter adjustment for the automated data processing is needed and will further improve the systems' quality, effectiveness and accuracy. Future research and application areas are seen in the quantification and analysis of the effects of missing data, the integration of material classification and sampling sensors into the system, the system connection to Building Information Modelling (BIM) software via a respective interface and the transfer and extension to retrofit project planning.Item Metadata only Data association and geolocation for electronic support systems(Elsevier, 2012) Kennedy, H.L.; Scott, W.; Cook, S.C.Data association (DA) in highly sensitive electronic support (ES) systems is nontrivial when closely-spaced, low probability-of-intercept (LPI) emitters, in cluttered radio-frequency (RF) environments, are sought. A practical processing framework for these situations is presented in this paper. Joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) is used to handle the multitarget tracking (MTT) problem in frequency-augmented direction-of-arrival versus time coordinates (i.e. ‘signal’ space). It is shown that the JPDA update has a pleasantly simple form when processing a serial stream of time-stamped measurements. A Bayesian M-out-of-N track confidence model is derived using the beta distribution and used to ‘integrate’ automatic track management functions (i.e. JIPDA). A maximum-likelihood expectation–maximisation (ML-EM) algorithm is also derived and applied to perform bearing-only target-motion-analysis (TMA) in geographic coordinates for confirmed JIPDA tracks. The application of EM compensates for previous measurement-to-signal-track assignment errors and decreases the deleterious influence of spurious measurements, due to clutter or other emitters, without combinatorial complexity. Highlights: The ES data processing problem is factored into signal and geographic coordinates. JIPDA is applied to solve the multi-target tracking problem in signal coordinates. Beta distributions are used to yield a Bayesian M-out-of-N track confidence model. ML-EM eliminates outliers and locates emitters in geographic coordinates.Item Metadata only Freight transportation planning considering carbon emissions and in-transit holding costs: a capacitated multi-commodity network flow model(Springer, 2016) Rudi, A.; Frohling, M.; Zimmer, C.; Schultmann, F.To mitigate climate relevant air emissions from freight transportation, policy makers stimulate the application of intermodal freight transport chains. The evaluation and selection of intermodal routes based on the key objectives, i.e., greenhouse gas emission, transportation cost and transit time improvements, are the main challenges in the design of intermodal networks. It is the aim of this paper to provide decision support in intermodal freight transportation planning concerning route and carrier choice in transport service design and the assessment of emission abatement potentials. Core of this approach is a capacitated multi-commodity network flow model considering multiple criteria and in-transit inventory. Thereby two processes are modeled, i.e., the transport and transshipment of full truckloads (FTL), to define the material flow of goods through the network. The objective function of the developed network flow model minimizes the number of transported and transshipped FTL assessed by the weighted and normalized criteria (i.e., CO₂-equivalents, cost, time) taking into account tied in-transit capital and the distance traveled. Thereby, the model regards carrier and terminal capacities, the option to transfer or either shift the mode and/or change the carrier at predefined terminal transshipment points. The model is incorporated in a decision support system and applied in an example application with industry data from an automotive supplier to demonstrate its application potentials. Within the application among others the potential benefits of the developed optimization model in comparison to a status quo are analyzed. Different criteria weightings and the influence of various levels of in-transit holding costs are investigated. In addition, the introduction of new transportation means such as the Eurocombi is assessed.Item Metadata only How green management influences product innovation in China: the role of institutional benefits(Springer, 2016) Shu, C.; Zhou, K.Z.; Xiao, Y.; Gao, S.Does being green facilitate product innovation? This study examines whether green management in firms operating in China fosters radical product innovation to a greater extent than it does incremental product innovation and investigates the underlying institutional mechanisms involved in the relationship between green management and product innovation. The findings show that green management is more likely to lead to radical product innovation than to incremental product innovation. Moreover, government support as a formal institutional benefit more strongly mediates the effect of green management on radical product innovation than its effect on incremental product innovation; whereas social legitimacy as an informal institutional benefit more strongly mediates the effect of green management on incremental product innovation than its effect on radical product innovation. These findings provide important implications for explaining how firms employ green management to facilitate product innovation.Item Metadata only Customer engagement with a service provider and context: an empirical examination(Emerald Publishing, 2017) Sim, M.; Plewa, C.Purpose – Customer engagement is of critical interest to both academics and practitioners. Extant literature focusses primarily on customer engagement with a single focal object, usually brands; this study takes another view to consider customer engagement with multiple focal objects (service provider and context). In addition to testing the relationship of the individual dimensions of engagement with the service provider and engagement with the context, this research elaborates on their drivers, with a particular focus on distinct engagement platforms. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A survey captures customer engagement with a service provider and a context in a higher education setting, with 251 responses collected across first- and third-year marketing courses in an Australian, mid-sized university. Findings – Engagement with the service provider can drive engagement with the context. In turn, engagement with the service provider can be stimulated through the use of engagement platforms that enable customer-to-service provider interactions. The results show limited effects of customer-to-customer engagement platforms on engagement with the context though. The results are consistent across gender and student grade levels; some differences arise between international and domestic students. Originality/value – This unique study broadens understanding of customer engagement with various focal objects and also details the flow of effects, from engagement with a service provider to engagement with the context. This research builds on conceptual discussions of engagement platforms and empirically examines their ability to facilitate affective, cognitive and behavioural engagement.